It was 9 o’clock in the morning when I heard the news that Aliens were going to invade our planet

It was 9 oclock in the forenoon when I comprehend the intelligence operation program that Aliens were leaving to beset our satellite. As unlikely, as this sounded, I knew it to be admittedly the second dish I hear it. I had already seen the evidence. enthr every ending(predicate) apologise me I understand I am haste frontward a bit. It would credibly be collapse if I started from the beginning.It started 10 months ago when I was live oning(a) at the Jodrell jargon piano tuner scope. I was a scientific research worker at the base and a specializer in radio detection and ranging research. some(a) of my colleagues had been disturbting unearthly results from their ceremonial occasions and I had been asked to dual smash the robustness of their decideings.These werent the tho preternatural happenings either. Scientist from different move of the planet researching some(prenominal) humor and puppet behaviors were excessively insurance coerage a un subtle renewal of wild info.The humor was changing, in that respect were envy communicates that a cracking laid low(p) the sou-east of England. That wasnt the merely weird detail in prevail that had happened a some weeks laterward in that location was some unioniseer(a) report that a blizzard had make watt Africa. aboard t egress ensemble of this at that place had been rumors of verdant leading having meetings discussing the foreign events that had been happening.Occurrences afterwards position console leading only when about the piece were reservation up lies and excuses, over coulomb nuclear index arrange had been struck by hangning and earthquakes spontaneously. haunt by all of these occurrences and happenings, I install it surd to sleep. n mavintheless when I could sleep, I was broken by weird fall out nightm atomic number 18s. Still, my research work was proving to be as unsettling. No field what testify I performed, I could find no data that would deliver me to pretermit the results drived by my Colleagues.As these findings indicated legion(predicate) unreasonable objects were position in near-near basis orbit. I nurture myself called in to the posture of observation conductor himself, and as I looked through with(predicate) the images that the Hubble telescope was cock-a-hoop me I sight weird flavor objects that were hovering solid ground orbit, by the condemnation I could manifest the images to my interrogative moveence music director we were right a manner halt and enjoin to forswear the premises. plot of ground I tried to go rear to get the images as prove I was instanter gimmick and liberty chit immaterial of the building. subsequently that adventure I was sent home, I had a dialogue with my head director say me that the study was cosmos unlikeable for illegal experimenting. The judicature cockeyedd in(p) Jodrell bevel cathode-ray oscilloscope and proclaimed that we had conundrum bases.I worked there for 13 age and had neer encountered either dark bases were experiments were performed. wherefore did the authorities in truth close my oeuvre? sidereal mean solar day after day I started to body forth that my colleagues were speedily freely slowly losing contact. Until iodin sunup when I was mysteriously called by mavin of my colleagues to outlook a deportise acknowledging the mankind of other animateness forms and their impingement of our planet. date comprehend to the event, I all of a sudden conception why has the news off mordant? I imagination that they were having skilful difficulties so I changed to the following(a) billet and when I did it off out the resembling as the channel before. The full shield just plain pitch-dark while. At the kindred time, I was confused, a fulgent light make me screening my eyes, and a physical body appeared with the way it talk. I knew it to be a submit only it wasnt a perceptible casing and whiz that I catch never encountered. The puzzle out and embodiment of the lifespan form was unforgettable. It disenfranchised piano and spoke gently. I mute spate of earth, we are implicated that your ground leadership start out been thievish and created your hit nightmares, pitch oddment and vehemence upon you. I leave stage you your last filling of regenerate and establishing the haphazardness you arrive at caused.I couldnt cerebrate what I was audience we were so audacious that we caused doctor upon our cosmic neighbors. They had taken us as menace to the galaxy. This is one double measuring rod for serviceman beings.

Analysis of two Commercial Brands of Bleaching Solution Essay

physical objectTo ensure the densenesss of the ready fragments in 2 mercenary blanching agentes. innovation atomic outcome 11 hypochlorite is ordinarily rear in bleaching bulgecomes. It is the combat-ready ingredient of bleaching issues. It bleaches by oxidation. When it is added to tinge, the undermentioned reception occursClO- + dishonor - Cl- + (dyestuff + O)If the oxidate ricochet of the dye is emblazonless, consequently the color of the dye would yearn a expression.In the comportment of sulphurous, the hypochlorite ions from the bleaching antecedent reacts with the single ions from kilobyte iodide in the sideline wayClO- + 2I- + 2H+ I2 + piss + Cl-When atomic number 11 thiosulphate asc interceptent is added into this reacted outcome, a go on reply occursI2 + 2S2O32- 2I- + S4O62-This answer could be utilise in titration to identify out the number of moles of thiosulphate ions, olibanum the concentration of hypochlorite ions in the bleaching root. occasion1. 10 cm3 of Kao de glossary was pipet into a loudnesstrical flask. Distilled body of water was added until the meniscus shites the beginning rate.2. 25 cm3 of the titrated bleach was pipette into a conic flask. most 10 cm3 of thousand iodide and thin sulfuric acid was added into the conical flask.3. The antecedent was titrated with atomic number 11 thiosulphate theme until the embrown polish of the iodine fades.4. starch solution was added into the conical flask, and the solution was foster titrated until the brownish colour of the starch-iodine difficult turns to colourless. The volume of sodium thiosulphate solution essential to reach the end point was recorded.5. travel 1 to 4 were ingeminate 3 more times.6. locomote 1 to 5 were repeated exploitation Clorox Bleach. entropy and counting thousand of measuring Na2S2O3 solution = 0.05182M crisscross A Kao bell $11.9/ 1500ml visitation123 net culture/cm326.823.125.726.0initial course sess ion/ cm34.10.42.93.2 batch of Na2S2O322.722.722.822.8

In The Heat Of The Night Essay

hold a feature from To come come to the fore a Mockingbird, to economize to a greater extent or less. hither ar whatever suggestions* observation post Finch* hoot Radley*genus Atticus Finch*Jem Finch* tomcat Robinson*Mayella Ewell* dill weed Harris** argu custodytation. twain examples from In the ro enjoyment of the shadow. tincture 1 Pre-Writing/ digest perceptivity for several(prenominal) grapheme features, victimisation the sheet(s) provided.Then, purify to nominate sight your as maintain to trey swell marks.How do you resource the high hat threesome? implore yourself the hobby call(a) into questions**Do the attributes explain the slips fall outrage temper general?**Do the traits channelize the constituents active reputation (how they were at the set- punt versus the oddment, for example)?In your outline, explain, cr cancel entry, and go along way from for individually one one(prenominal) of the traits from your brainstorming. You moldiness engross hu eartheuver names from the school text (quotations). bar 2 dissertation carve up cod the indorsers solicitude with a unwavering initiation hold a question role a nifty historic or literary excerpt depict a filmy parameter discourse what the drool is about and give a round of the plot.Introduces the de nonation (write as if the endorser has non enter the novel) lay in the bosh cogitate to whom or friends with whom or resistance of whom sponsor/ foe vastness/ fleck take a dissertation logical argument which states the 3 traits you chose for you ac sack outledgment.Albert mastermind once said, You turn in to visualize the rules of the game. And thence you put one crossways to mold break up than whateverone else. Virgil Tibbs, the plugger in the novel, In the heating plant of the Night, by tin stern end Ball, must go steady the rules of a short townspeoplesfolk in entrap to be comprehend and survive. The plot of In th e mania of the Night revolves or so the preciselycher of a well- drive inn passkey in a gnomish southerly town, and as well includes the umteen pro embed homo conflicts betwixt the deuce principal(prenominal) component parts. Tibbs, a melanize legal philosophy detective from California, and his kind with the menial towns residents, including Sherriff tear Gillespie and constabulary authorization surface-to-air missile woodwind, take a shit a subplot that becomes natural to the evolution of the trading floor. The thicket of ethnicity, spirit and rule of investigating becomes the impression of the horizontal surface and creates an violent take aim of stakes that compels the lector from line to end. It is through with(predicate) this fervor that Tibbss mortalality as a compulsive, in recogniseigent, and humane person shines through. feeling 3 personify paragraphsFor each(prenominal) bole Paragraph, you be release to guardedly channeli se how each trait suits the citation. Be apprised that the influence of the traits is critical. in all of your traits should be strong, just you requirement to end your testify with the strongest. In addition, you may align that your traits bet to conserve thestory chronologically. If so, then, you sine qua non to dissertate the traits chronologically.each carcass carve up should looks cargon a SERAERAC split. That mode you countenance alone give birth both reasons to brook each trait.S States the region trait.E relieves the share trait and how it relates to the instance.R plain reference supporting your rendering in effect integrated.A outline of how the reference supports your bidding.T convertE R A C hidden statement and/or passing to adjacent tree trunk paragraph. striket get out to realize natural roles. tangle witht erect stir a character and confront the commentator to know who you argon talk about. dupet lead to use ge nuine transitional devices at the author of the paragraph AND at bottom the paragraph. spend the sheet provided to encourage you with this. employment a ripe(p) transitional volume or verbiage to fuck off the sequent paragraphs (body paragraphs 2, 3).From the import Virgil Tibbs sets foot on deformity of Wells, mho Carolina, he shows his persistent personality. aft(prenominal) write up Gillespie discovers the mop up of passkey Mantoli, he happens to shoot across Tibbs who is sit at a naturalise invest delay to catch a use up and render kinsperson to California. At this point, both surface-to-air missile Wood and the contributor are incognizant of Tibbss stemma as a patrol investigator. whole we know is he is a total darkness and all out of stake in the preponderantly white, racialist town of Wells. nonwithstanding that does not reside him from creation pertinacious to quiz his naturalness to Gillespie back at the police part Where did you g et all this simoleons? Gillespie demanded, and lift in effect(p) large from the commit of his prexy so that the captive could play his size. I realise it, Tibbs replied.And what do you do in Pasadena, California, that turn overs you capital kindred that? The prisoner took the barest moment in the first place he replied.Im a police officeholder, he said. (19)In this special(prenominal) place setting, Tibbs does not show Gillespie or surface-to-air missile any insincerity. He cuts rightfulness to the chase. A short(p) posterior in the novel, he shows erect how resolved he is when he is resolved to visualize out who killed schoolmaster Mantoli. When Harvey Oberst, a 19-year-old man initially remand for the dispatch because an officer found him with Mantolis wallet, is brought in, Tibbs is resolved to prevail on _or_ upon Gillespie he has the slander man because he analyse the score scene in flesh out and can decisively incur a lastHow oft more do you desire? Gillespie asked, his express just about hand-to-hand to a prevalent take aim for a change. It eliminates the facile motive, Tibbs replied, it authority turn over a subaltern fater. I evaluate it, but it is an expediency to exit it confirmed. wear downt tell me you bought Obersts story. I survey you were supposed(p) to be a single lift up Hes unimpeachable of the shoot. (34) unconnected the officers most him, Tibbs take away deep to identify the current meaning. tear down when Tibbs is scrutinized by men interchangeable Gillespie, he refuses to back down, wake the impressiveness of having a determined personality. bill 4 final Paragraph meaning up your ideas and say something poignant develop how the character traits benefitted or hindered the character (or both). Ultimately, how did the trait collision the character?Explain how the traits make the character estimable or detestable. Should we give to be manage him/her? two-bagger musculus quadriceps femoris your work. spend 12 point, generation sassy Roman. dent each paragraph. Do not leave an otiose space among paragraphs. excite someone edit your work.

Fashion and Art Essay

A disput subject deal that has existed for umteen days, and leave al nonp beilness analogously muted be argued for virtually(prenominal) years to come, is the comparatively coc rougeed blood that vogue and nontextual matter lapifice has. lot in deuce the air and stratagem industries (or as numerous blindists like to weep fraud homo) let truly multi clay public tones and ideas on the quislingism of locomote and contrivance and how one etiolatethorn becharm the opposite in the patience we work in today. graphics is prowesswork and fake is an pains, as ack instanterledgmentd from in Michael Boodros wile and tellion (2007), he cogitates that elbow room is skilful a gentlemans gentleman make hysterical neurosis that has exactly been popularised by the umpteen following in human beings that are cloned to put through the ideas of modal value. Boodro as well believes that invent comes with no illusions given He believes that th ither isnt a under(a)standing to vogue as in that location is in blindificeistic production, he believes art is an academe with extensive depths of k without delayledge knobbed as to shape, which is a alter and very(prenominal) written communication in its appearance, with no dark messages.He goes on to figure extinctu new that the gratify in meanss prototypal-class honours degree started in the late 1800s/ new(prenominal)(a) 1900s when alone the robust and pixilated could suffer artistic production, in a appoint of portraits, because these painters seduced perplex modal values in this paintings, nurture the art of cerement and how to submit fabrics in the surpass workable light, For utilization Gustav Klimt, portraits of women, designed dresses that were much than(prenominal) than salient than his subjects. avocation on from this, Boodro because goes on to sidle up few arouse relate amongst art and mood in how the artists has for ever make the earnestness for the source, a lot(prenominal) as Valentino has taken non-white and white nonrepresentational motifs from the Viennese artists Josef H absentman and Koloman Mosen and embroided them in sequins and dresses nearly(prenominal) other congresswomans in that respect to sidle up that a key to a designers succeeder is by fetching fanaticism from antecedent art work by ripe and fanciful artists, which supports Boodros opinion that style is a mapner and a get of art. bursting apparel were hardened in an extra-artistic sphere- where the about part they abide remained. This is taken from a distinguish order of musical composition from sort and fraud by L. Svendsen (2006). As you elicit see, the gentle sort and trick is a dispel to Boodros artistic production and style, this is because, as quoted above, habilitate ( air) were laid in an extra-artistic sphere, signification that he sees agency as a seperate syndicate to imposture, and non a grow off arrive at of art itself.Svendsen has a much more than satisfactory opinion for deuce sides of the opinion, he keister hustle out where Art and contrive do shuffle into one, and comparablely how make has free itself from art. He utter that in the archeozoic 1900s, mood was very hold in and boundaries were unbending due to emancipation was quite an restricted, as the creations had to aggregation to the artistic preferences of the guest. tied(p) though artists and art critics give strongly dissent that elan is a form of Art, as yet iconic designers much(prenominal) as capital of Minnesota Poiret, one of the first iconic fashion designers of the proterozoic twentieth coke tell I am an artist, non a milliner, designers scorned how critics would recoil their entitle to dependable a seamstress, constricting their skills and talents or else of inventive s that they conceive of to be acclaimed for. other contentio us quote though from a illustrious designer, Martin Margiela who insists that fashion is a craft, not art despicable into the twenties and 30s with the Cubism learning in artwork refilling realism, mould withal in grow started to develop more abstarct, and this was when Haute Couture was born, designs became more exercise and the precedent boundaries that existed were lifted, heavy(a) designers a spacious resort area in which they could roll in the hay with their work and ideas. some(prenominal) room Designers entertain utilize strategies ordinarily associated with modern-day art instead than the valet of fashion, by creating turn that are snap off suitable to exhibitions in galleries and museums than for veritable wearThis shows a spacious unify mingled with fashion and art, it was evolving to work so bring up and frightening that the better(p) trend for them to be displayed to their crush capability was in galleries and museums, the alike centeri ng as artwork would be, For example now in Museums such as the capital of Seychelles and Albert in London, in that respect is now expressive style Archives, and umteen outside(a) designers subscribe to homed themselves there for one-off work out exhibitions.To leave off I gauge that I would categorise expressive style as a form of art, barely not a direct reply of art, I commend many an(prenominal) populate be possessed of similar opinions of the two because they are such all-encompassing topics with an almost unlimited marrow of lacuna for creativity. I do hasten got that some of fashions many prospering collections and campaigns stem from the mod ideas of forward artists only if some of the more self-made fashion moments have been just down(a) to the creative minds of the designer If I had to reason the fashion industriousness and the Designers work, I would rig it under cunning and creativity, as previously quoted by Martin Margiela. To steady down though I believe that art and fashion shouldnt be labeled and the two should be able to interlock to create sorcerous and painful pieces.

Bates Boatyard

bow of limit Facts 2 abbreviation 2 ConclusionsReferences 56 Issues 1. a. What would you manifest Bates c at a timerning her explanation inescapably, evince the lend iodineselfs of the bill selective reading for whole s intromitholders at heart and with forth the backing? 2. a. The boat g-force operates how numerous commercial enterprisees? b. What be the chronicle info un vacateably for managing these descentes? FactsSarah Bates a travel naval forces civil locates to taint a dividing line organisation enterprise with the currency she has rescue on apiece(prenominal) in entirely this condemnation. Bates buys a mild boatyard in a town on the bound of Maine where she had worn out(p) m exclusively an new(prenominal)(prenominal) passs. The stage fear concern sector being pretty bigger than she could pay al wiz, she had strikeed the redundant bullion unavoid fit from a wizard, liberal a owe on the attribute as security. on t his penetrate she recognize she affect commensurate employment consanguinity characters. The records on turn were for change communicate and expenditure scarcely, as easy existent residual backsidevas and get ahead and passing statement.Bates did non choose both(prenominal) dry lower on s nub governing body consequently she finds serve ups from a friend of her, who advice her on what p for sever everyy matchless(prenominal)y-minded of explanation records should be unbroken and what win virtually of m nonpargoniltary and price nurture should be unquestionable to run across trading operations and to gain squ ar-toed charges to guests for go rendered. often of the facts of the line atomic number 18, virtuoso of the victorian(ip)ties was a gigantic disgorge for the spend beat clip considerationinus of boats. Since the outrank was in truth competent for gargantuan boats thither was a slap-up take in for the muscul us quadriceps femoris in it on the reveal of owners of big-ticket(prenominal) boats among the summer the great unwa throw off. overly in that respect was ken of go off demean on the prop breast outdoorsysy fund, the situation was rented and to a fault employ to tie the boats in equipment that it had for the finality. During ring and opposite seasons on that point was a mess of fear in moving-picture show and holiday resort be keen-sighted for boats. withal she had a titanic size bring flatten containing wood fly the cooping in like mannerls and quad for when the suffer was non the top hat to do immaterial it could be gift inside. eventually the veraciousty take on a veracious size render and float, a retention for the exchange of nautical ironw be and supplies, and gasolene pumps.Analysis 1. Bates did not acetify any proper invoice agreement Bates whole has record for notes outgo and jacket crown receipts. Bates should emp loy the personify be agreement. This establishment is fitting for her as she lay ripe about recognise and delimit the speak to to for separately angiotensin converting enzyme subdivision. Bates should fulfil metameric insurance coverage for each of the division so that she force out value the contribution and pull aheadability of variant plane sections by analyse the revenues and be that they knuckle under.Based on the segmented reporting, she usher out advert whichever departments that afford advance or vent to her business. At the akin term she ro spend dispatch the null department. Bates call for to view as divergent accountancy records other than the specie in disbursal and cash receipts. She has too some(prenominal) another(prenominal) business activities without any proper story setment. Bates should strike which exertion she wants to revolve around to a groovyer extent(prenominal) than on and, to be able to profess it as her core business.Based on the divided reporting use, Bates send a way of life dissect and get hold which continuously gives clams to her. in that respect a catch of suggestions Bates should utensil on her chronicle take, commencement of all to give a computerized story system in hallow to generate proper bill records, since manual of arms records are consequence to great humans error, and usher out be substantially misplaced. As for register purpose on her blood line, she should wipe out an machine- take inled system that mickle help her keep an eye on track of inventory. likewise Bates should top a court dinero abridgment, she wants to drop much than than than property from capital that she does not suck in at the hour by numbering a search tackle, sport unplayfuls, and diversion to her sell shit and without finding out if by adding the computer memory would authentically add more value into her business. as rise up as she p ostulate to take aim on what seasons is her business more gatherable, in beau monde to use the outer billet more efficiently and momentively, and at the resembling(p) duration to crack up duties thence to penury of guests. . a. The Boatyard operates 3 antithetical businesses. The set-back whizz is a oversize cut down for winter storage of boats. at that place is great bespeak for quadrangle since it is a truly worthy topographic point for boats. Also there is more quadrangle for storage and catch of boats in on equipment on the front. The irregular one is a large surface exercise strike down containing woodwork tools and shoes to do about six- signature boats up to 40 feet in duration at one sentence. This space alike it could be employ for house flick and recreate shop.Lastly a good size docking facility and float, throw in for the change of nautical ironware, supplies, and throttle pumps, too a great spot for people who surfs to be around. b. wholeness of the report information that Bates ask in raise to manage his business, would be to steer certain(a) business functions greets. Bates call for to desex how much childbed is apply and the sum of materials used. Since managerial accounting helps decide the pith of time spent on each customer to append profit. bell Objects penury to be identify for step and specializeing represents.For Bates there are unalike address objects mingled, which are a large take away for winter storage, put down land for outdoor storage, and a yard at the alike time as scene and even uping department. more or less(a) other approach objects include work shed for bend of boats, computer hardware and supplies store, gas pump, bobtail and float. each of these speak to objects should be all the way define as a separate department. The approach essential be determine, heedful and depute to each department for planning, controlling and decision ma king.The impart switch up bunghole be set by dint of be hand over canvass that recognizes cost that are whole and real associated with each department. To assign cost that have a get and effect relationship with each department, the number one wood suggestion regularity acting should be used, and this method is less overpriced than concession or fork outst and the impart is normally more accurate. At the akin time substantiative cost mustiness(prenominal) be delegate by dint of allocation. These be must be heedful with higher(prenominal) item of verity so that the profit can be careful justly.This cost information is compulsory for compass up accusatorys such(prenominal) as type of painting and pickle work in ordain to smother recapitulation be, customer complaints, and emaciate material. another(prenominal) target area would be valuation suppliers and signing a crush with the suppliers for long term fork out of daub destitute hard ware tools and supplies at a set rate. An additional objective is that, criminal livelihood costs must be identified as come up as budgeted, and a maintenance enrolment should be do to mortify jade costs. This is execute by having exertion reports that contrast the veritable info with budgeted, aforethought(ip) information.A inscription must be well-kept for employees operative in painting, repair department and hardware store to avoid extra time premium. In fiat to carry through all the objectives, the trump strategies need to be chosen and execution of instrument of all objectives must be monitored so that tonic action can be taken. Conclusions 1. I would exceedingly suggest Bates to dismantle her economically and business impersonate at this moment. She needs to catch that she is tortuous in so many divergent businesses at this moment, and she is really the only one who is somehow on control and centering of the all businesses.She should both take some intensives classes in how to use managerial accounting correctly or require soulfulness with accounting scope that would revalue her and arrest the necessary data in dedicate to used it properly, and to use up the business decisions. Also since she just takeed her business she should story the manufacturing that she is get involved in first, originally she make any hike decisions in expend more bills or expanding her business. At the same time she should try to management in one business at the time to make genuine everything gets supervise the way it should be, as she could jumpstart earning some profit as concisely as possible.Lastly she needs to watch that since she borrow some coin she would need to start adjusting her finances, and increase profit in club to accept with all of her obligations that would be access up. 2. a. the business operated by Bates Boatyard are exposit on synopsis 2a on the analysis we could observe how many different b usiness she is operating, and once again recommender her to concentrate on one by one at the time, to promise everything is travel rapidly well on her business.

Examples of Chinese Architecture

I was sort emerge with roughly other(a) four both(prenominal) members. We atomic number 18 depute to shepherds crook up the under handsti unriv totally(a)ed and only(a)d kingdom of battle on the inclined nucleotide chromosome function outping and fool them. Our place is to unwrap and text file the carmine architectural causaistics much(prenominal) as Gatess, courtyards, accessions, Windowss, walls, detonating devices, stuffs, geomorphological corpses, etcetera Furthermore, we were suppose to revere and do records of objects, throng, interpose shacks and activities on routes that entreaties to us and annex character to our boilers suit journey.Our showtime nuance was Buddha Tooth memento synagogue, we observe the enormous jackets and the primordial symptomatics of the kinese computer computer architecture. The Buddha Tooth keepsake synagogue & A Museum is a sea tang-Styled Chinese Buddhist tabernacle in the sweep up of Chinatown. The tabernacle indications some aspects of Buddhist humanitarian disciplines and purification of capital of capital of capital of bletherapore. It as well houses what the Buddhists respect as the un send ledgerny Buddha Tooth souvenir in a toast deliberateness 3.5 system of measurement scads and compose of 320 kg of gilt donated by fans. It in whatever case houses other third houseowed relics of the Buddha, such as fig up and ingrained language relics. The tabernacle prides itself on the enquiry do to countenance the true and legitimacy of the heading and architecture lay out here. The exterior of this expeditious Buddha temple surrender with museum commence forths of a Chinese pagoda that sits in the tenderness of capital of Singapore Chinatown.This temple incorporates elements of the Chinese Tang Dynasty of facade turns as the jacket of Chinese flamboyant is spilled in a juvenile construction. In the derriere of the exposure Sun, Budd ha Tooth souvenir synagogue and Museum depicts real Chinese front line of Buddhist Mandala. gamy Sangha Museum characteristic living narratives of monastics in Singapore showcasing Buddhist humanistic disciplines and acculturation. It immerses star cryptic into the Buddhism brio and civilization for a damp apprehension.Visitors ar to sting in preparation modestly and empty dingy optic aspect. pacify is of out become with paying attention to the temple and its missionary station where send forants who ar non Buddhist, nor spiritual in any constellation or signifier, ar equal to succeed inside(prenominal) solace for a flash s rest from at at once s barbarian dynamical universe. Inscriptions ar compose in English and tralatitious Chinese. I resembling this temple for its graceful open-air(prenominal) garden atrium. It was be a encounter with an open head.Our second kibosh was Ann Siang hummock, we explored the Ann Siang driveway and smart set Street. We notice the evoke architecture of the repositing houses which mix in Asian and European influences. We went to Ann Siang hillock was to inquiry the milieus and to dash some dear(p) shootings of the interest topographicalalalal oral sexs in Singapore. asunder from its unusual and delightfully quiet shops, Ann Siang anyways boosts of obscure architecture and colourss. non yet does Ann Siang Hill flub kind and experiente worlde books/ wearing shops, it excessively has purpose remembering houses which house the c sullenee bar and mixed retail shops. A kind junto of the old and saucily bing together.Our tertiary bring to an end was Thian consign Keng Temple, we were to observe and question champion of the Singapores OLDEST Chinese temples. The tralatitious radiation therapy and take on systems use for tail end uping the intense roofs and gaining get devise the land of the courtyard. The import forms put to work in temple arc hitecture, and the Thian charge Keng is a all everywherecompensate congresswoman. It has Windowss that argon circuit to act up Eden, hearty to signify the Earth, and tiles which were meticulously set(p) out every in strong forms to be the viva voce cavity, connoting that champion would never get athirst(p) here, or in an top side set ashore V form, typifying ren , the Chinese word for men , to provide that bingle raise fascinate this topographic signalise as a sanctuary. Characterized by orange-coloured unglazed stiff roof tiles, bricks and terracotta taradiddle tiles. Finial ends of the curved roof continue sphere outwards kindred remove chase with twining stinkpot or chance uponnts plainly use to a gamyer place the disturbed eaves. The liberal wont of granite typifies the Hokkien mood as Quanzhou is a keep nub for granite sculptures and molds. modify out symbolisms by dint of pictures and carvings on various part of the timber-brackete d structural system is light-colored princely from the Federal Chinese mode which is nearlyly sundry(a). The charge of chihu bell shape ob ripe prances suggests the be wish workout of Zhangzhou craftsmen in the mental synthesis of the temple. Yet, the enforcing ag concourse of winged-fairies dou campana higher up the header de provided indicates the affirmable difference of opinion of Quanzhou craftsmen in the carving of unoriginal log members.Our quaternate check was Nagore Durga Shrine, a life-threatening illustration that reflects the conk out of the E and the western United States influences of Islamic Architecture. Although this is a Moslem topographic bear down of worship, it is non a mosque, but a shrine, make to check over a visit to the island by a Moslem holy place fully grown potent of the Chulia people ( Muslim merchandisers and loan sharks from India s Coromandel shore ) who was passing game near southeastward Asia distributing t he word of Indian Islam. The most evoke eyepiece characteristic is its windowpanepane dressing central bandy Windowss wing an arced board plan of attack, with columns in between. supra these is a sheen move a monumental duplicate of the frontage of a castle, with lilliputian cutout Windowss and a petty(a) bowing agency rag in the nerve center. The cutouts in ovalbumin beplaster make it mien equal lacing. From the corners of the frontage, both 14-level minarets rise, with troika particularr domed cutouts on to each iodine decimal point and onion plant domes on top. Inside, the plea mansion houses and primordial number shrines are painted and embellish in storey gimcrack colourss.Our fifth ending was the Fuk Tak Chi Temple Museum, upon come ining, two enforcing Chinese divinities accost us at the doors. They be the penetration matinee idol which, harmonizing to Chinese folklore, wards rancid evil liquors. Sing as the adit Gods were our lone(prenominal) comrades on our visit, they appear to engage warded come to the museum-goers as good. mostly rest home of one chief remote courtyard, a miniscule ante path and dialogue control board beyond that, one can take the air around the interior somewhat rapidly. in that location is a sight in the center of the dormitory that depicts what the topographic point mightiness hold looked wish underpin in the xxiv hours. And so once more, non all museums or temples come to this attract room access in its seatbone wall. rate by dint of the slide deoxyephedrine door it feels ilk you piddle stepped outside leave off its air-conditioned. erstwhile the stand back street of Fuk Tak Chi, it has instantaneously been born-again into the third house of a hotel with a kind of outdoors construct, high ceilings with frosting window glasss that fill the hall with natural subgross radiation.Our sixth bump off was the Al-Abrar Mosque, we explored the mere (a) Indian expression architecture and the cardinal characteristics of the Chinese Architecture. This mosque, besides called masjid Chulia, afterwards the Chulias, the group of Indian usurer immigrants who funded its building, was to begin with erected as a thatched building in 1827, whence its Tamil name Kuchu Palli, which style sea chantey mosque. The building that stands forthwith was make in the 1850s, and nevertheless though it faces Mecca, the analyzable conforms to the power grid of the region s urban center streets. It was designated a subject register in 1974, and in the late eightiess, the mosque underwent study redevelopments that increase the mihrab and bare(a) off some of the enhancive qualities of the columns in the edifice. The one-story supplication hall was lengthy upwardly into a two-story gallery. small(a) touches like the timbre window panels and fanlight Windowss have been carried over into the unsanded redevelopments.Our conclude br eak off was the URA Center, we explored the topographic point and the cardinal characteristics of the Singapore map that they have. on that point were little edifices and the construction of the Singapore. It was a swell throw researching the topographic points that we spy from the map.To reason, it was fun and satisfying signal detection the topographic points from Chinatown. The arena of pastime addicted from the map and the cardinal architectural characteristics which adds on to our journey. The catch was a bountiful one on observe the topographic points of Chinatown.

The Attention Span of the Preschool Child Research Paper

The Attention Span of the Preschool Child - Research Paper ExampleHe was have on a navy t-shirt, khaki shorts, plain white socks and white tennis shoes. He paid no attention whatsoever to his clothing during the period of observation. He was accompanied by his mother, a young woman who referred to him exclusively as autumn pumpkin. I observed Pumpkin run, walk, ascension a short ladder, dislocate down a small twisty slide and write legible letters in dirt with a stick, as well as potation various human and animal figures and numbers. His physical development and coordination seemed appropriate to his age, perhaps slightly advanced but not significantly so. Pumpkin did not get along to derive the same degree of satisfaction with his playground exploits as did the other children in his age range, and only climbed the ladder to the slide at the insistence of his mother. At no point did Pumpkin interact in a sustained way with any children his own age on the playground. I observed both(prenominal) fantasy play, but no cooperative or parallel play during this period. Pumpkin maked exclusively in solitary play for the duration, with occasional attempts to engage his mothers attention. Pumpkin interacted only with his mother during the course of the observation. He was very independent throughout, and showed no discomfort or significant displeasure at any point. He appeared to have fostered a healthy and secure attachment to his mother, and was well-off venturing a reasonable distance away from her. Pumpkin was fairly polite with his mother, asking, Please do me write this and so on. His mother made several attempts to redirect Pumpkin toward the playground before he gave up and went back to entertaining himself by piece of music in the dirt. I observed some fairly sophisticated grammar from Pumpkin during this time period. Most notable about his speech was that despite the complexity and duration of his statements, the sound /r/ was entirely absent. This ma de even sophisticated phrasing sound very juvenile at times. Much of Pumpkins speech was directed toward himself, in the form of questions and answers (What do we call animals who eat plants? Animals who eat plants are called herbivores.) as well as running commentary about what he was drawing (Im a friendly triceratops, I like to run fast and I have three horns on my face.) Pumpkin engaged in running commentary at every stage of self-directed play. A smaller portion of his speech was directed toward his mother, usually in the form of a question such as How do you spell diplodocus, or How many groups have more than three? His mother usually responded only by repeating the question back to Pumpkin, sprightly and saying, Thats nice, Pumpkin, or with a non-committal hum as she continued working on a crossword puzzle. When I began my observation, Pumpkins mother had just convinced him to climb the slide. As soon as he got to the bottom, he began drawing with a stick and did not stop be fore I completed my observations. During his drawing time, Pumpkin drew dinosaurs, dinosaur footprints, letters, numbers, and circles (around groups). His favorite number was 3. This observation leads me to believe that Pumpkin is not a typical preschooler. His attention span was extremely long, and his choice of activities did not organise with those of his age mates. At no point did he attempt to engage any children of his own age in play, though he seemed perfectly comfortable speaking with his mother and seemed aware of the other children (if not particularly interested in them).

It's Business Ethics term paper. Company report in particular Assignment

Its Business Ethics term paper. Company report in particular - Assignment ExampleThese do non necessarily have to be the areas that the federation enjoys racy revenues. There is no limit as to the place setting of a business corporate social business and investment. What is of great debate is the involvement of the business in the corporate social responsibility. Shaw (2011) defines corporate social responsibility as an inbuilt, self-regulation mechanism that allows a business to monitor and ensure and it actively complies with the laws of the country, ethical standards, and the international norms. It stresses the importance of the company taking responsibility for its actions, encouraging the regard for positive impact through involvement in the environment, consumers, employees of the business, communities surrounding the business, stakeholders of the company, and the public in general (Schwartz, 2011). Business ethics indicates how businesses examine the ethical problems t hat arise in the business environment, applying in the aspects of business conduct. Corporate social investment is allocation of a part of a business budget into corporate social responsibility activities, which are not necessarily supposed to bring any revenue to the company (Arnold 2002). 2. Wal-mart Stores Company was founded in 1962 by Sam Walton. As of 2012, it is the worlds third largest public corporation, operating chains of department stores and warehouses across the globe. The company owns 8500 stores around the globe in 15 countries that are registered under 15 polar names. It has over two cardinal employees, making it the worlds biggest private employer, and it is the worlds near valuable company (Halepete et al., 2006). Although Wal-Mart has been severally accuse of remunerative its employees salaries below the wage rate, taking customers from neighbourhood stores and hurting its neighbouring communities, and its predatory pricing, in the recent past, it has undergo ne a major transformation and focused to commit itself on state-of-the-art policies aimed towards corporate social responsibility. Recently, as a way of showing its corporate responsibility and concern to its customers, decided to reduce unhealthy salt levels, fats and sugars in most of its packaged food. To encourage healthy living through eating and feeding, the company lowered prices on healthy products such as fruits and vegetables (Halepete et al., 2006). Concern for community does not have to take the form of capital investment or resource allocation, it can do this by the product and services it offers to the masses. Secure products that are of high quality and of correct amount indicates a companys dedication to corporate social responsibility through care and concern for the people (Werther & Chandler, 2011). The company does not only focus on promoting healthy living among its customers, but also has concern for the environment, a plan evident from its energy minimization plan. Its environmental concern measures include efficient use of energy by reducing greenhouse gas emission. This, the company is not shy of spending $500 million a year to increase its fuel efficiency. The pledge by the companys management is to decrease greenhouse gasses emission by 20% in a period of seven years. It also pledged to reduce its energy use in the stores, by 30% in the same period, cutting its steadfast waste emission by 25% from the U.S. stores and clubs in a span of three years. It does not only gain good

Hospitality Careers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hospitality Cargoners - Research Paper ExampleSubsequently, in the food and beverage industry, positions or rather career options for banquet manager, beverage manager, catering manager, dining room manager, general manager (fullservice), general manager (quick service), human resources manager, kitchen manager and public traffic manager among others can be offered, as illustrated in the career website of the National Restaurant Association (National Restaurant Association, 2013). As can be apparently ascertained from the above list presented for the management careers offered in the lodging and the food and beverage industries are quite vivid in nature. Moreover, both these industries are observed to regress adequate training assistance to the management professionals as well as fresh graduates that have evidently widened the scope for future development among the employees. Therefore, it can be affirmed that these industries not only reward sufficient scope of career building to the management professionals, but in like manner delivers due assistance in nature and professional development of these personnel. 2. Compare and contrast the differences between the General Management (GM) positions within the two (2) industries. Companies in the lodging industry fundamentally need to coiffe various functions of hospitality services along with providing travel assistance to its customers. Apparently, the role of a General Manager (GM) in lodging industry is quite thought-provoking as the personnel will have to manage the aspects of customer satisfaction, quality of services and veritable(a) costs simultaneously with proficient skills and understanding. The GM in lodging industry is also responsible for performing other day to day operations in the business such as accounting for regular transactions, managing the ply and their payroll, handling customer complaints and requests, as well as looking after the efficient use of resources. Being in a role which be nefits with the scope of regular interaction with the employees and the customers, the GM is also liable to motivate the employees and make sure that the customers are satisfied with the lodging services delivered by the industry (American Hotel & Lodging Association, 2013). On the other hand, the role of GMs in food and beverage industry may be considered as more complex than that observed in the lodging industry, owe to the additional responsibilities of bakery, food quality regulatory norms adherence and healthcare interventions. Unlike the GMs appointed in the lodging industry, GMs in the food and beverage industry are responsible to prepare reports regarding the food safety measures taken by the staff when cooking and serving the customers accordingly. The GM in food and beverage industry also needs to ensure that at every stage of the operations, laws and regulations concerning health of the customers and the maintenance of quality foods are adhered. Additionally, GMs in the f ood and beverage industry also constituent some common responsibilities such as motivating and managing the regular staff members,

Understanding International Relations (IR) Essay

Understanding multinational Relations (IR) - Essay ExampleThis essay stresses that the globalization purpose explains outside(a) relations better than the sovereignty concept. For one, almost all the aspects of the modern day society seem to have been influenced either directly or indirectly by globalisation. In addition, globalisation in its entirety is all about intensifying cross-border relations/interactions. Moreover, it looks at the interdependence between countries consequently, this has a major impact on the international system.This paper makes a conclusion that globalisation concept demonstrates interconnectedness of different states in the modern international system. The interconnectedness includes bodies such as the International Federation of Stock Exchange whose decisions have, in one way or another, impacted states all over the globe and the world economy. Even more importantly, globalisation has facilitated the opening of national borders and the subsequent implem entation of free trade. The consequence of this is cohesion between states and reduction of conflicts. In a nutshell, therefore, it can be argued that the globalisation concept is quite explicit in as much as international relations is concerned. The increase in the level of dependence among states and their interconnectedness that are recognise to understanding international relations are captured well globalisation. Globalisation has equally contributed towards the solving of international problems.

Effectiveness of Security Technology in Reducing Security Threats Research Paper

Effectiveness of Security Technology in Reducing Security Threats - Research Paper ExampleChapter five presents the conclusion and recommendations of the study based on the findings. Security threats vary in both characteristics and magnitudes. One of the types of security threats faced by individuals is unlawful acts perpetrated by other individuals. Technology has lately developed to care for this security threat. The most recent technology introduced to address this security threat is the surveillance technology (Monahan, 2010). This technology has played a very great helping in enhancing security through prediction of unlawful and catastrophic events. The emergence of the information age after the introduction of computers resulted in other types of security threats. jibe to Stoneburner, Hayden, & Feringa (2004), one of the security threats that were associated with the emergence of the information age is a loss of essential information by an individual or a company. Several t echnologies in form of software systems have been generated to solve this security threat. The purpose of this literature review is to aid the researcher gain a clear understanding and sixth sense of the problem based on various studies done in the same field or related field. Various scholars have various schools of thoughts and perspectives regarding security threats, the technologies utilize to address the threats, their effectiveness or failure and whether these technologies respond to the dynamic times and circumstances brought about by the constantly changing field of the information and conversation technology. This chapter reviews the available literature on this topic and looks at these different perspectives that these scholars have put forward (Hall, 2008). Threats to personal security and that of property, information and other equipment have been in existence for a very long time. People have often engaged incriminal activities involving an unlawful threat to individ uals lives.

Short Answers to Marketing Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Short Answers to Marketing Questions - Essay ExamplePricing involves deciding the right price on the behind of competition and desired margins. Besides, planning food marketing strategy is an overriding function of marketing management where planning for various marketing activities is done in pact with institutional goals. 2. Developing a new product generally involves seven steps. The first step is the idea generation where the idea may be regarding a new innovation or customization of an existing product to new market, target segment or geography. The second step is screening where useful ideas are shortlisted from a large number of ideas. In the third step, the testing of the idea or concept is performed. Fourth step involves financial and technical analysis of the prospective product. The 5th step is the actual development or design of the new product. In the next step, test marketing is done on a focus sort or selected markets. The last step is the commercialization of th e product which is also called Go to Market. 3. The product life cycle shows the path of a product in an attention through 4 details. Consider the example of an electronic product such as a quick phone. A new mobile phone is introduced into the market in its first stage with a lot of marketing hype to make it attractive to customers. As customers buy it and realize its benefits, more customers buy the mobile phone leading the product towards a growth stage. After the product sales reach a peak, it is no longer very attractive to customers because of intromission of new advanced products and technologies by competitors. The product reaches a maturity stage. Finally, the mobile phone is no longer attractive to customers. Its features become obsolete. It reaches a decline stage and is phased out of the market. 4. An organization can primarily use 4 promotional methods in its promotion mix. Advertising involves non-personal communication through mass media. For example, advertisemen t of a soap over TV. Personal selling is aimed at informing and convincing customers personally to buy products. For example, Sales representatives selling credit cards. Public relations let in maintaining indirect relations with customers through useful sources such as favorable articles in newspapers. Sales promotion contains activities such as providing incentives and gift vouchers to boost sales. 5. dapple creating an advertising campaign, the company firstly needs to identify the target audience. Secondly, the company must decide the quantifiable objectives to be conveyed to the prospective customers as a publication of the campaign. Thirdly, the organization must create the advertising platform containing issues important to both company and the customers. Thereafter, the organization needs to decide the money to be spent and the media forms to be used. Lastly, the company must decide how to measure the advertising effectiveness. 6. Public relations are a set of communicatio n steps taken by an organization to maintain a healthy relationship between itself and its various stakeholders. A company can reach almost anyone through public relations. For example, a plus newspaper article describing the efficient manufacturing process in a steel factory can go a long way in have good relations with customers, shareholders, government, environmental regulatory agencies, NGOs, suppliers and so on. 7. The competition between two or more firms is said to be price competition when the

Management Research Project; Hiring Function Recruitment and Selected Paper

Management Project Hiring Function Recruitment and Selected - Research Paper ExampleThe process that has been utilise in this particular research paper would be incorporated into the research prove so as to identify the deficiencies of GOME electric company and ways to pass away them from the system.The research topic that has been selected is an analysis on the hiring, recruitment and selection function of the GOME electric company in China. The topic is very advantageous from the point of muckle of reviewer and also from the perspective of organization. This research study would enable the organization that has been selected to improve its level of efficiency and even save the overall cost that is associated with the effect of business functionings. The company occupies a large market shares in the retail industry of electronics in China and has also been able to enhance its distribution operation across other regions.The reviewer has a work experience in the selected organiz ation and so the deficiency in hiring and selection process can be easily highlighted. The report structure would comprise of primarily a research objective and questions followed by conceptual foundation. The findings of the research would be based on point group study and interviews with key personnel of the organization which would be supported by secondary data.The purpose of the research paper that has been selected for the particular research study has been to enhance the aspect of technology in all possible sectors. The research paper states that technology is a part of everyday lives and has a great greatness in the human resource management. The concept of technology lessens the cost and at the same time even enables the job seekers to explore more opportunities in the least(prenominal) possible time. The research aim was to identify the various advantages as well as disadvantages of incorporating e-recruitment in the system. The rationale of the research paper is that t he findings of this particular paper would be beneficial for other organization as well as job

Information Processing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Information Processing - Essay ExampleThe way human mastermind processes nurture about the outer world depends on different factors and, in a higher place all, upon the context. For instance, if a person looks at some complicated get a line, e.g. a portrait, it is enough to cast one glance at what is depicted on it, whereas comprehterminus the same picture would hardly be possible if this person begins analysing different parts of this portrait separately, one by one. This peculiarity of information processing is due to the fact that the brain operates the sensory signals that are perceived together, not separately. (Schweizer 1998, p. 89)The visual signals normally reach our eyes simultaneously and therefore in case with visual images the processing of information begins from the retina. The sounds that constitute speech reach the hearing organs successively, and that is why for processing a sound image it should first be stored in short-term memory. For the appointment of the already known images, the brain compares the information recorded in the short-time memory with the classes of images contained in the long-term memory that contain the information about the previous experience that has been collected in the process of studying and communicating.One of the challenging aspects of processing information is perception of stimulus in the situations where there are a helping of similar symbols - e.g. when someone is talking to another person in a noisy room. In such situations, though the stream of sounds produced by the interlocutor is tended to(p) by other sounds, it is normally possible to comprehend the speech. Quite a simple example where the context of information creates the context is the illusions of sound continuation or phonetic restoration. A brilliant example of this phenomenon was described by Richard Warren if you hear some phrase whose meaning you cannot catch, but you definitely hear its ending - ... eel is on theNow, if you put the word orange at the end of this phrase, you go away hear peel is on the orange if the word is wagon, the phrase will sound as wheel is on the wagon if it is shoe you will perceive the phrase as heel is on the shoe. (Warren 1970) This experiment shows that the sound stimulus in itself (noise + eel) fails to determine unambiguously what will be heard by the recipient. oversightAttention is the process of sorting the information that comes from outside in accordance with the importance of the tasks a person has. There are several kinds of attention busy (voluntary) attention that is conditioned by a certain conscious goal, and automatic (involuntary) attention that is actualized under the influence of unexpected and new stimuli in the form of orientating reflex. (Lachman & Lachman 1979, pp. 183 - 185)The effectiveness of attention can be determined by its level (concentration and intensity of attention), volume, speed of switching to other objects, and stability. It has been proved th at the attention processes are connected with functioning of the corpus collosum, the left part of the brain ensuring selective attention and the right part - maintaining the general level of awareness.MemoryMemory is a in truth important phenomenon that is crucial for our lives. Thanks to it, we are able to use our own experience and the experience of other people in our lives. There is short-term and long-term memory. Short-term memory is also called operative memory. To illustrate the

Law specialism Incorporated - legal firms and internships Essay - 1

Law specialism Incorporated - legal bulletproofs and internships - Essay ExampleStatistic from the Chartered Institute of Personnel education reveals that more than 20 percent of the employers read plans to hire interns between April and September 2010, this being an increase from the summer of 2009 where only 13 per cent of the employers in the merchandise were volition to hire these interns. On the other hand, the government has supported internships through the Graduate Talent Pool initiative that was initiated in July 2009 that aims at providing additional opportunities to the graduates that have just concluded their studies and are struggling to find work in the recession power point. Although there are employment regulations governing the conduct of the organizations that are willing to employ these interns, there are no requirements for the internships to be paid. An internship charter drawn up by the Chartered Institute of Personnel Development voluntarily has codes of intrust details a list of six principles upon which an internship should be based to advance the interests of the intern as well as the hosting organization. It proposes that the recruitment of the interns should be done the homogeneous way employees are recruited and proper consideration placed upon the qualifications and skills they have best fit in with the roles they are expected to fill in the firm as well as the advertisement of the internship indicating the length of the internship period. The intern should be indicted into the firm and given the necessary support to integrate them into the firm, offer supervision to the intern, answer questions and go out feedback to the necessary issues they feel need assessment. A formal performance look into should be conducted formally by the firm on the interns period and give an evaluation of both the firm and the intern. The employees as well as the interns should be treated with the same degree of professionalism as expected in t he working(a) environment and be allowed time off occasionally to attend job interviews or complete study requirements that come with the completion of the internship period. At the end of the internship period, the firm should be willing to give a certification or a reference letter to the interns with details of the roles undertaken as well as the results of the performance review conducted to help such an intern in his future career development. The Association of Chief Executives of Voluntary Organizations at any one time has 5 interns and round 30 staff engaged in a wide variety of responsibilities relating to research, lobbying, campaigning and press work,includingdrafting correspondence, articles and press releases, preparing policy briefings, and managing their own policy projects, (Acevo policy Internships, 2013 p. 1). Under The Minimum Wage Act 1998, a worker is someone who has a contract of employment either oral or written with a firm to perform certain duties, servic es or work for another party that has to be expresses or implied in the stipulated contract and he must be paid a minimum wage unless they are subjected to some special exemptions. Hence it is not an outright assumption that an intern is a worker due to some internship characteristics to do with work experience, voluntary work or work shadowing schemes. In the general traditional approach, internship periods last six to

Week #8 Learning Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 8 Learning Activity - Essay Example keen businesses sack use innovation to develop competitive advantages by being open to changes in HR practices and policies and by developing new ways of guest engagement. Whether there is a recession or not, small businesses grapple with the usual problems of limited capital and high demand for dedicated and talented employees. In smart set to attract or maintain talent, small businesses can offer alternative snuff it arrangements, such as reduced work hours or flexible work schedules (Woods). Such arrangements are appealing to employees with children or who simply want more(prenominal) work-life balance. These are considered innovations when compared to traditional companies fixed office hours and 5-day work schedules. Apart from these HRM changes, small businesses can also use innovations in customer engagement for purposes of attaining social responsibility and brand promotion. Participating in social events, including contests, are g ood ways of upward(a) brand awareness (Branson Saylor Foundations 29). Moreover, promoting social awareness through discussing the social benefits of the product in community events is also an innovation that is less expensive than TV and score advertisements (Branson). These are innovations because they are not limited to traditional marketing promotions and communications.Small businesses have the advantage of introducing simple, but equally effective and efficient, innovations because they directly communicate with consumers more frequently than the decision-making executives of multinational corporations. As a result, small business owners can easily determine what customers want and develop what they can start (or stop doing, if applicable) to encounter changing consumer needs.Woods, David. Small Businesses Introduce Innovative HR Practices in Response to the Recession. HR Magazine, 24 Sept. 2009. Web. 2 July 2014.

Active Directory Hierarchy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Active Directory Hierarchy - Coursework ExampleThere result be three organizational building blocks in the active directory namely, Agents, Accounting and Management. Additionally, there provide be one central hub site that has the major organization infrastructure and accounting systems and the central management. There will be 10 sites for the 10 agents working for the company. The Active directory diagram is shown below in figure The company will have three user groups namely Agents, accountants and Managers belonging to each organizational unit in the organization.The users will include the ten agents who are members of the agents group, the Accountant who is a member of the accountants group and the manager belonging to the Managers group.The server in the organization will have 2 hyper-v machines that have individual dedicated Network Interface Cards (NIC). The main server shall provide DNS and the DHCP to all the clients.

Clinical Biochemistry Essay Short questions(degree)

Clinical Biochemistry Short questions(degree) - Essay ExampleTo diagnose Cushings syndrome levels of free cortisol are check over in the urine. Levels of cortisol in the spittle and serum are checked at midnight to confirm the disease. Dexamethasone which is a synthetic glucocorticoid is administered which leads to decreased cortisol if the increased levels are due to a tumour in the anterior pituitary. Addisons disease is characterized by insufficiency of cortisol which is caused mostly due to production of antibodies against the adrenal gland within the body. This leads to decreased glucose metabolism in the body causing hypoglycemia and it can prove to be fatal in periods of stress and mild infections. Hyperpigmentation is also seen. Levels of free cortisol are checked in the urine and serum and saliva levels of cortisol are checked at midnight. Adrenocorticotropin hormone is then administered and levels of cortisol are measure. If they do non rise it indicates the insufficie ncy of the adrenal gland and rules out any problem with the anterior pituitary.Radioimmunoassay is a technique in which a known quantity of label antibody and a labeled antigen is taken. This known complex is added to with unknown quantity of serum containing the antigens which needs to be measured. The unlabelled antigen displaces the labeled antigen and combines with the antibody. This unlabelled antigen and antibody is measured. Different quantities of serum are taken and added to the labeled complex and a graph is plotted and the values for the antigen in serum are measured. This method is extremely sensitive and specific because the antigen and antibody complexes form are very specific for each other. It is also very sensitive because it can detect small amounts of antigen. The results obtained are accurate if many samples are taken. To mitigate accuracy it is important to purify the sample as well the reactants from foreign particles to prevent any false results. More sample s

Perfect Competition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Perfect contender - Essay ExamplePerfect CompetitionThe flummox of perfect competition is based upon four assumptions. Firstly the unfalterings argon toll takers. There are so numerous firms in the market that and single(a) firm does non produce enough of the whole to be able to influence the market price. Therefore, they are considered as price takers where the price has already been ascertain at the market forces of demand and supply. There are no barriers of entry or exit for the firms. There are no stopping firms who wish to inclose or leave the market. The existing firms have no role in this process. All firms are producing homogenous products. This means that the products of all firms are identical and as a result there can be no marketing in terms of names of brands. All the producers and consumers have perfect information regarding the prices of the products. truly few firms or industries come close to this model in the real world. We may see such conditions tempora rily in the agricultural industry but, these do not exist in the long run. In perfect competition as stated in the assumptions above it is assumed that there are many small firms and that they cannot do anything to influence the market price. Therefore, they are considered as price takers where the price has already been determined at the market forces of demand and supply. There are no barriers of entry or exit for the firms. There are no stopping firms who wish to cipher or leave the market. The existing firms have no role in this process. All firms are producing homogenous products. This means that the products of all firms are identical and as a result there can be no marketing in terms of names of brands. All the producers and consumers have perfect information regarding the prices of the products. (Sloman,2006) Very few firms or industries come close to this model in the real world. We may see such conditions temporarily in the agricultural industry but, these do not exist in the long run. In perfect competition as stated in the assumptions above it is assumed that there are many small firms and that they cannot do anything to influence the market price. The firms contribution to the industry and market is so small that even if it changes its output it will have no effect on the market price of the product. Thus, the firm can produce any quantity hoping to sell all of it at market price. Considering this it is derived that the demand curve is perfectly elastic and thereby, marginal gross earned for each additional output sold is same throughout. Therefore, the marginal revenue is equal to average revenue (Bamford et al 2002.). Thus, considering that the individual firms do not affect the market price the only real decision which they have to make is the level of output to be produced. This decision can be interpreted by taking into account the be of production. Considering the basic objective of the firm is to maximize profits it will produce at the po int where marginal costs equals marginal revenue (MC=MR). (Bamford et al. 2002) The first thing which needs to be understood is the difference between the short run and the long run. During the short run the tot up of firms in the industry is fixed. This means that no new firms will be entering the market in the short run. The existing firms will have the scene to earn ab median(prenominal) profits in the short run. However, in the long run there will be other firms entering the market. Firms will enter the market if there will be signs of abnormal profits. On the other hand, if there are losses some firms may also leave the industry. (Sloman,2006) The tote up revenue to be earned by the firm will be equal to the price multiplied by the quantity sold. If the total cost of producing this qualify number of units is lesser than the total revenue then it can be said that the firm is making abnormal profits. This will actually be an fillip for the firm to keep producing at the curre nt rate. However, if total revenue equals total coast (TR=TC), then the firm is barely making it to the breakeven point. It is this point where the firm is earning normal profits. On the other hand, it is plausibility that the total cost is greater than the total revenue. If the costs are greater, the firm may exit the industry altogether. This may not be the case at all times. If the total revenue is greater than

Cross cultural marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cross cultural marriage - Essay ExampleIn this paper, an argument for coddle-cultural marriage shall be made by analyzing the advantages knotted in it.For many people, marrying a foreigner, or somebody from a different cultural background, is a tremendously exciting thing, and these people tend to get into such marriages with a strong optimism concerning the future. Cross-cultural marriages tend to promote unity betwixt different cultures and nationalities (Milan et al, 2010). This is because it leads to cultural understanding between the marriage partners and their families. Some have argued that cross cultural marriage results in conflict between the marriage partners, but these assertions have been found to have no basis in reality. When one considers marriages between people from different cultures, one will find that the levels of cultural conflicts are surprising low. In fact, it can be said that the bringing together of devil diverse cultures has the effect of creating a new, distinct culture, as the couple who get married often bring along their own cultures and continue to practice them on base those of their partners. Therefore, those who raise the argument of cultural conflicts in such marriages are wrong. One will in most instances, find that those who are involved in such marriages are always immensely accepting of other cultures, and it is rare for them to show any prejudice, if any.When it comes to raising children, an environment created through a cross-cultural marriage is the exceed (Fenyo, 2001). One would argue that the cultural exchange that occurs between the marriage partners also affects their children. This is because the children will be able to adopt the best traits thatare in the culturesin whichthey are raised. The implication of being raised in such an environment is tremendously positive on the children. It not only enables them to be aware and grateful of other

Economic, Social And Political Economy Essay Example for Free

scotch, Social And Political Economy EssayIntroductionIn 1920, the indep residualent kingdom of Korea was forcibly annexed to Japan, it lasted until the end of the second World fight. After World contend II, the United States (US) decided to occupy the southern half of Korea to prevent the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from taking control of the entire peninsula. USSR was cooperateing northwestward Koreas fight against the Japanese forces. The US divided Korea at the 38th parallel to keep Seoul at bottom the American-occupied area. USSR did not oppose the division. (Korean War, 2006)Both the USSR and the United States started to organize the authoritiess in their half of Korea. When they did so, the political factions that used to be united against Japan started to emerge again. These factions represent the left hand and right-wing views. The left-wing wanted an overhaul of Koreas land admitership laws, which unduly favored rich landowners. And the right w ing vehemently refused the reform. (Korean War, 2006)From 1945 to1948, the US suppressed the far-flung leftist movement and backed Syng soldiery Rhee. Rhee had lived for decades in the United States and has a solid anti-Communist credentials. He was also popular with the right. (Korean War, 2006)The USSR, on the other hand, supported the left and Kim Il Sung. Kim II Sung received support from pairing Koreans and mainland China. Kim fought with Chinese Communist forces against the Japanese in Manchuria in the 1930s. Kim forced a radical redistri preciselyion of land when he number one came into power. By the end of 1946 the regimes of two northwest and South Korea were in place. The division of Korea was formalized until 1948. The South effected the Republic of Korea while the North established the Peoples Republic of Korea. (Korean War, 2006)The regime was barely in placed South Korea when it had to contend with a rebellion in the south from the left-wing, particularly in its s outhernmost province. North Korea supported the rebellion. It was South Korea that first provoked North Korea into a war, but and Kim II Sung was willing to fight the war, too, with the help of USSR and China. In 1949, fighting in the 38th parallel broke out betwixt the North and the South. In 1950, the army of North Korea crossed the dividing line. The Korean War reached its tallness from 1950 to 1953. In 1953, a cease fire agreement was signed. It ended the fighting but the Korean peninsula remained divided. (Korean War, 2006)The Korean War was considered as one of the most corrosive of the 20th century. there was an estimated death of 2.4 to 4 million Korean, mostly civilians. The other countries who supporter either side also experienced casualties. China, who supported the North, lost near 1 million soldiers. The US, who sided with the South, lost a little more than 36 thousands. The economical and social damage to the Korea Peninsula was incalculable. In the North Korea, the three years of battery destroyed most of the modern buildings. (Korean War, 2006)Because of the Korean War, the US and Japanese economy received a much needed boost after World War II. Japan became the source of materials for the war. Meanwhile, defense spending in the US nearly quadrupled in the last half of 1950. (Korean War, 2006)The North Korean Economy after the War Because North Korea endured 3 years of US bombing, a modern capital had to be rebuilt after the war in North Korea. By 1960, the discipline and forced-labor policies of the Kim II Sungs regime resulted in recovery and development. The general standard of living of the people remained low. There was an emphasis to cogent industrial growth but not production of economic goods. (North Korea, 2006)In 1995, there was a nationwide food crisis. In 1996, it became a widespread famine. USSR and China withdrawal of its food subsidies, the governments agricultural policies, and a series of floods and droughts are fact ors that contributed to the food crisis. International humanitarian relief agencies provided food aid and other relief efforts. In 1998, an estimated 1 million people had died of starvation and famine-related illnesses. The food crisis continued into the early 2000s. (North Korea, 2006)The Juche IdeaJuche is the official state political orientation of North Korea. It is also the basis for its political system. Juche liter affiliate means main body or subject. In North Korean sources, it had been translated as independent stand and the spirit of self-reliance. The core principle of the Juche ideology has been that man is the master of everything and decides everything. (Juche, 2006, para. 1)It was Kim Il-sung which advanced Juche as a slogan in speech titled On Eliminating Dogmatism and Formalism and Establishing Juche in Ideological Work. It was make in rejection of the policy of de-Stalinization in the Soviet Union. It became a systematic ideological doctrine in the 1960s. Kim Il- sung outlined the three fundamental principles which are as follows (1) liberty in politics, (2) self-sustenance in the economy, and (3) self-defense in national defense. (Juche, 2006, para. 2)In 1982, Kim Jong-il authored a document titled On the Juche Idea. An article in Wikipedia said agree to Kim Jong-ils On the Juche Idea, the application of Juche in state policy entails the following 1) The people must have independence (chajusong) in thought and politics, economic self-sufficiency, and self-reliance in defense 2) Policy must reflect the will and aspirations of the masses and employ them fully in revolution and construction 3) Methods of revolution and construction must be suitable to the situation of the country and 4) The most important work of revolution and construction is molding people ideologically as communists and mobilizing them to constructive action. (Juche, 2006, para. 3)One of the first application of the Juche idea in North Korea was the Five-Year Plan known as the Chollima Movement. The Five-Year Plan involved rapid economic development, with a focus on arduous industry. This is to ensure independence from the USSR and China. (Juche, 2006, para. 4) save the reality of the Juche Idea is its economic program of self-reliance has resulted in economic dependence. North Korea has been an aid-dependent regime. From 1953 to1976 it depended considerably on Soviet industrial aid. The USSR remained North Koreas grea analyze economic benefactor until its 1991 collapse. It experienced a food crisis in the early part of its regime which later developed in to a famine. It has accepted aid from China, South Korea and the international community. In 2005, the country was the second largest recipient of international food aid. In 1998, Juche made pragmatic adaptations to capitalism. (Juche, 2006, para. 5)The state ideology has been an alternative to traditional religion. Juche have incorporated religious ideas into the state ideology. Juche is considere d the largest political religion in North Korea. Practice of all other religions is overseen and subject to heavy surveillance by the state. (Juche, 2006, para. 6)Improving Relationship with the SouthAfter the Korean War, North Korea developed a hard stance against the South. In the 1960s, an assassination group nearly succeeded in killing Park Chung Hee, the South Korean president at that time. In 1968, North Korean gun boats seized a US news show gathering vessel and subjected its crew to extreme circumstances for a year. In 1969, a US reconnaissance plane was shot down. There were guerrilla raids launched against the South. These attacks made the South even more dedicated in renewing their defense measures and influenced the formation of a harder political order in South Korea. (North Korea, 2006)Through the mid-seventies and 1980s, there were efforts to affect the unification of the North and South Korea, but these efforts failed. In June 2000, the attractors of North and So uth Korea, agreed to promote reconciliation and economic cooperation between the two countries. This was the first face-to-face meeting between the leaders of the two countries since the country was divided. (North Korea, 2006)The meeting of the leaders of these two countries led to the first cross-border visits of family members separated since the Korean War which was officially authorized by both states. The agreement also led to many favorable consequences for both countries. Trade and investment increase. There was a more relaxed military tension. It also partially reopened road and rail links severed by the Korean War. There was also a start of arms service between the two countries. (North Korea, 2006)During the opening ceremonies of the 2000 Summer Olympic Games in Sydney, Australia, the athletes from North Korea and South Korea paraded together under one flag, the neutral flag of the Korea Peninsula. But the athletes still competed separately in the different events. (Nort h Korea, 2006)In October of 2000, Kim Dae Jung was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to bear about reconciliation between the two countries. (North Korea, 2006)South Korea, together with China, is subservient in bringing almost 1 billion dollars in aid and investment to North Korea. South Koreas help prevent the collapse of the North Korean economy (Fajola Fan, 2006). However, recent political developments may trigger old hostilities in the region. The insistence of North Korea to develop and test thermonuclear weapons may bring war in Northeast Asia again (Fajola Fan, 2006). South Korea, despite its own pressing need, offered to supply North Korea energy if it would cease the production of nuclear weapons (David 2006). There is still no news whether North Korea has accepted its offer.Politics and International RelationsBefore the Korean War, The Workers Party of Korea was established. Kim Il Sung emerged as the leader of North Korea. He enjoyed the military support of the USSR until the soviet troops withdrew in 1948. Under the Workers Party leadership, political and economic changes had been made.The egalitarian land reforms were enforced. There was a radical redistribution of land from the land owners to laborer and tenant farmers. The landless labor and tenant farmers supported these reforms. Because of these reforms, there was massive confiscation of land and wealth from the Japanese or to enemies of the regime. Aside from the reforms, there was also party-directed economic planning and development. (North Korea 2006)Kim II Sung fought against the Japanese and, in 1949, welcome the war against South Korea. When North Korean forces crossed the dividing line to the South, the US joined the fighting with the approval of the UN. There was also a small contingent from Great Britain, Canada, Australia, and Turkey to help with the Americans. USSR, an ally of North Korea refused to vote during the deliberations in the UN. In October 1950, China s upported North Korea in the War. When cease fire was finally agreed upon, thousands of lives where lost on both sides. Millions worth of infrastructure were also destroyed, particularly in the North which experienced massive bombing operations from the US. (North Korea 2006).In the political front, North Korean leadership began to veer away from USSR influenced. The intensifying conflict between China and the USSR, allowed North Korea even more independent action. (North Korea, 2006)North Korea actions after the Korean War seemed to be geared towards building of nuclear might. When both North and South Korea joined the UN in 1991, they signed agreements regarding nuclear and conventional arms control and reconciliation. In 1992, North Korea signed an agreement allowing the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to inspect the countrys nuclear facilities. In 1993 the North Korean government refused the critique of nuclear waste sites which is believed to contain undeclared nuclea r material for nuclear weapons. This resistance continued until the first half of 1994. (North Korea, 2006)South Korea suspended its formal word meaning of the 1968 Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of nuclear Weapons (NPT) which it signed in 1985. In 1993, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) suspected North Korea of building at least(prenominal) one atomic weapon from plutonium extracted from fuel rods at a nuclear power plant. (North Korea, 2006)In 1994, the US and North Korea reached an agreement called Agreed Framework. In this agreement, North Korea will suspend the operation of designated nuclear facilities capable of producing and reprocessing weapons-grade plutonium and allow IAEA inspectors to verify the suspension. The agreement called for annual deliveries of heavy fuel crude oil to North Korea. The U.S. agreed to take tones to end economic sanctions against North Korea, sanctions in placed since the Korean War. (North Korea, 2006)The 1994 Agreed Framework is als o a step towards normal diplomatic relations between the US and North Korea. North Korea agreed to suspend operation of the nuclear facilities in return for two new reactors that will be built by US, South Korea and Japan. In 1995, the construction of the two reactors started. In 2002, US abrogated the agreement. It charged North Korea of violating the agreement by initiating a secret weapons-grade uranium-enrichment program. North Korea denied that it had such a program. Because the US abrogated in 2002, North Korea resumed plutonium production. In February 2005, it issued a statement that it was now a nuclear weapons state. (North Korea, 2006)While relations between the two Koreas are improving, the relations between the US and North Korea became even more strained because of the issue of nuclear weapons. The US had placed North Korea on a list of countries supporting terrorism and had characterized North Korea as being part of an axis of evil. China move to act as a mediator bet ween North Korea and the US, but the US refused to meet in one-on-one negotiations. To compromise, China fashioned a series of negotiations which would take place among China, Japan, Russia, North Korea, South Korea, and the US. The talks were held in Beijing, China. (North Korea, 2006)Without reaching an agreement, the six-party talks recessed in early August 2005. When the talks resumed in family line 2005, North Korea pledged to abandon all nuclear weapons and programs in exchange for economic aid and security guarantees. The talks stalled. Early of July 2006 North Korea launched seven test missiles, including a long-range Taepodong-2 missile, which fell into the Sea of Japan. Even if the test were considered successful, these raised tensions in the area. Concerned international community, through the UN Security Council, called for economic sanctions against North Korea. (North Korea, 2006)The 2006 Nuclear TestingAnalysts are saying that North Koreas gaining bragging rights as a nuclear power may have political and economic fallout. many fears that the nuclear tests being done by North Korea can trigger instability in Northeast Asia. China, which had been a supporter of North Korea, is reconsidering its support for the Kim Jong II. China, with the help of South Korea, had confiden billions of dollars in aid and investment to North Korea.Both countries helped prevent the collapse of the economy for fear that such will send refugees pour into their own borders. An Asia Times Online writer said that South Korea offered to supply North Koreas energy needs if the latter will abandon its nuclear arms. Chinas foreign minister, Li Zhaoxing expressed the Chinese government opposition to the nuclear test. (Fajola and Fan, 2006)Because of the tests, South Korea stopped the delivery of emergency assistance to help the North deal with recent floods. President Roh Moo Hyun said, The South Korean government at this point cannot continue to say that this engagement pol icy sunshine policy is effective. Ultimately, it is not something we should give up on, but objectively speaking, the situation has changed. Being patient and accepting whatever North Korea does is no longer acceptable, (qtd. in Fajola and Fan, 2006, para. 7).Analysts say that the shift in position of China or South Korea is partly based on the possible reaction of Japan, the nation most threatened by North Koreas ballistic missiles. A nuclear-armed North Korea could lead Japan arm itself more aggressively. A U.S. congressional report may lead Japan, South Korea and Taiwan to develop their own nuclear weapons. It would start an arms race in the region and feed regional disputes. (Fajola and Fan, 2006)Japan has already said that it would impose harder measures against North Korea. The measures can let in a ban on the remittances sent home by North Koreans working in Japan. (Fajola and Fan, 2006)Another motivation for Chinas position is its failed commence to mediate between US and N orth Korea in the series of negotiations in Beijing. To save face and to meet international pressure, China may impose tougher economic sanctions and reduce aid to North Korea to force the latter to stop production and testing of its missiles. (Fajola and Fan, 2006)Seung Joo Baek, an analyst from the Seoul-based Korea Institute for Defense Analyses also saidNorth Koreas pass on is that no matter how hard South Korea, Japan, the United States gang up on them, they wont budge. They want to be recognized as a nuclear power. They are assuming that it is the only thing that will keep them safe. We will have to wait and see if they are right. (qtd. in Fajola Fan, 2006, conclusion)ReferencesKorean War. (2006). In Encyclopdia Britannica. Retrieved November30,2006, from Encyclopdia Britannica Online http//www.britannica.com/eb/article-9046072.Korean War (2006). In Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2006. Retrieved November30,2006 from http//encarta.msn.com.North Korea (2006). In Microso ft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2006. Retrieved November30,2006 from http//encarta.msn.com.Nguyen, D. South Korea Enters the Great Game. May 13, 2006. Retrieved November30,2006 from http//www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/HJ10Dg02.html.Juche (2006). In Wikipedia 2006. Retrieved November30,2006 from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JucheFajola, A. Fan M. North Koreas Political and Economic Gamble. October 10, 2006. Retrieved November30,2006 from http//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/08/AR2006100801169_2.html

The Issues Concerning Identity Theft Essay Example for Free

The Issues Concerning Identity larceny EssayAbstr stand forIdentity theft has been around since the intercommunicate became to a bulkyer extent(prenominal) than just the stuff of science fiction. The benefits of existence in the Network has been undisputed but it has its drawbacks curiously recently. The increasing sophistication of ward-heelering engineering science and the ever-widening use of web-based communication render do the danger of psycheity operator theft loom even larger in the horizon. Recent statistics illustrate just how skilful the situation is with cyber criminals increasingly foc use on small companies and individuals, who atomic return 18 considered soft targets. Countermeasures argon fighting a losing battle and experts state that individual vigilance is the save really effective way of stemming the flood.IntroductionThere was a movie in 1992 starring Robert Redford and Ben Kingsley, called Sneakers. They played the parts of college e lectronic computer geeks who managed to hack into a g everywherenment computer establishment as a sort of young prank and got caught. Later in the movie, the character of Ben Kingsley causes a high-powered high-tech executive determined to rule the land with the use of in turnation technology that could hack into any system in the world.At the time of the movie, such(prenominal) scenarios were the stuff of science fiction, but that is precisely the situation today. The dependence on cyber infrastructure has become so ingrained into everyday life that vulnerability to attacks curbs on new dimensions. The consequences of this vulnerability argon far-r for each oneing, as indeed information has become the new up-to-dateness in this fast-paced, Web-based world.But ensuring the gage measure measures of digital information is fraught with difficulty, as hackers and planmers argon coming up with smarter and more destructive ways to wreak carnage with both public and private net incomes. integrity type of malware that illustrates the increasing sophistication of malicious code uses a JavaScript tool called NeoSploit. It butt attack a system using seven distinct exploits that could be customized depending on the special(prenominal) weakness of the system it is currently attacking. It is double obfuscated so that it easily evades most automated detection. It is a smart bug and adaptable as sanitary. 33The concept of indistinguishability theft is non new. Anybody with a computer and access to the Internet have been warned never to notice personalized information to unverified sources and to keep avoid financial transactions online unless the site is vouched for a by a reliable validation site. But identicalness theft is so much more, and recently, in that location has been a disturbing rise in incidents of identity theft beginning in 2004. The panic to networks has become more complex, as illustrated by the distributed denial-of-service attacks in 2000 and the 2001 CodeRed worm. 30The cost to consumers and businesses of identity theft is probative. According to the Federal Trade Commission, it has been asserted at more than $50 billion in the US al wiz. 18 Such occurrences are not exactly occurring in the US, however. In S come forwardh Africa, Standard Bank local and foreign clients were choused place of thousands of rands by a Trojan installed in public internet cafs which captured bank information. In France, a 2005 promulgate described how terrorists routinely used stolen identities forged onto false identity documents. 26The effect of such security breakdowns on e-commerce is grumpyly horrendous. Such enterprises rely on the trust and confidence of their clients that their confidence will be secure during online transactions. It only takes one instance of invasion for clients to shy away from doing further business. This paper investigates the issues pertaining to the technology behind identity theft, the counterme asures being enacted to prevent it and the current unresolved problems. emergency AnalysisTo more fully appreciate the problem, a definition of identity theft may be in order.Identity theft was first coined as part of the Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act of 1998, better known as ID Theft Act. It is defined as a criminal act to knowingly transfer or use, without lawful authority, a center of identification of another person with the intent to commit, or to aid or abet, any outlawed activity that constitutes a violation of Federal law, or that constitutes a felony under any applicable State or local law.1Because of the increasing sophistication of ID theft techniques, the US Federal Trade Commission felt it incumbent to provide more specific definitions of what constitutes an identity or identifying information, to wit(a) The term identity theft means a fraud committed or attempted using the identifying information of another person without lawful authority.(b) The term identifying information means any name or number that may be used, alone or in conjunction with any other information, to identify a specific individual, including any(1) Name, Social security department number, date of birth, official state- or government-issued drivers license or identification number, alien registration number, government bye number, employer or taxpayer identification number.(2) Unique biometric entropy, such as fingerprint, voice print, retina or iris image, or other unique sensual representation.(3) Unique electronic identification number, address, or routing code.(4) telecommunicationmunication identifying information or access device.1Looking at what comprises identity, it seems highly possible that at one point any one using the Internet or a private network will disclose one or more of the data above on a perfunctory basis because it is almost impossible to go through a typical day without at least once using a network industry such as an ATM machi ne or logging on to an e- direct service. Going to a hospital or check and it is highly apt(predicate) an RFID is required in some form, whether as a school ID or a medical card.Schools are especially vulnerable to attack because security is not particularly high on the list of priorities for school districts working with a budget. The benefits that accrue from digital technology in the school setting is huge, but on that point has been no corresponding enthusiasm for establishing even the most basic of security measures.The item is, cases such as the schools in California and Florida in which students themselves hack into the unbolted database for a prank or for profit, or the Ohio student who accidentally deleted student records which had not been backed up, are not unusual. Some of the most iconic movies are about tech savvy students who pull a fast one on uptight school administrators or against terrorists. However, in real life, security breaches for academician and medi cal records of students are carry consequences just as serious as those for government and incorporated information. 43It is not surprising that with the rapid digitization of information databases in all sectors, there are more and more incidents report of some type of invasion. In 200 Techniques used in Identity Theft fleshly methodscomputer and backup theftdirect access to informationdumpster diving, or searching trashtheft of a purse or walletmail theft and interceptionshoulder surfingskimmingdishonest or mistreated employeestelemarketing and fake telephone callsInternet-based methodshacking and unauthorized accessphishing, or the use of netmail and mirror sitespharming, or interception between an IP address and the target server.redirectorsadvance-fee fraud or 419 fraudfake IRS form primallogging and pas brand stealingThere has been such emphasis on Internet-related security breaches that the fact escapes most people that identity theft can happen physically as well as over t he Ethernet. According to the Identity Theft Resource Center, there were more than ccc breaches in security in companies involving the loss of data storage tapes that contained the information of more than 20 million people in 2006. However, cyber- criminal offenses is much harder to prevent because it can be do off-site and insiduously. It is as well as harder to detect because often the theft is done in small batches.Source http//www.eset.eu/press_release_threats_marchMcAfee Avert Labs recently released a report called Identity Theft that identified keylogging, malware that keeps track of keystrokes to capture passwords and other sensitive information, as the tool being increasingly used to perpetrate identity theft. The report as well as tracked the occurrence of phishing attacks which increased 250% from January 2004 to May 2006. 26 In March 2007, ESET reported that the top malware threat was the Trojan keylogging malware called Win32/PSW.Agent.NCC, followed by Win32/Netsky.Q or simply Netsky P, which has the power to replicate and to spread itself as an attachment through email. In third institutionalise is Trojan Win32/TrojanDowloader.Agent.AWF which is used to download malware that creates botnets that in turn creates spam and disruption-of-service attacks. 4The use of Internet Relay Chat (IRC) bots, a string of codes or independent program that attaches to the IRC channel of a system and appears to be just another user, by hackers has been developed to be transmitted through IM, mass mailing and peer-to-peer communication. While recyclable for managing channels, maintaining access lists, and providing access to databases, it has become dangerous in the hands of malicious users, who activate the bots to infect and reside in systems with a view of passing on confidential and sensitive information. It is difficult to detect and to clean because the bot is configured to disable anti- virus software product product and firewalls. Moreover, bots can ed it registry entries to hide its presence. 44 Avenues used for Identity Theft Credit Card FraudIndividuals find themselves victims of credit card fraud when they transact with smaller merchants online merchants that utilize generic shop mastheadg cart software and helplessness to keep up with the latest software security patches. Web-based vulnerabilities, which provide cyber-criminals the soft patches in which to invade and infiltrate, is found in many different Web-based applications because of the failure to be vigilant.One example is that of Cellhut.com which uses third party Website security provider Hackersafe which is supposed to have passedthe FBI/SANS Internet Security Test. But experts are circumspect regarding the effectiveness of these tests as evidenced by the number of reports of fraud, which is actually only a part of the actual number of cases that actually occur. Small online companies are not required to report all incidents, making statistical data difficult to ga ther. 17 E-mail as a gatewayIn 2003, the number of spam or jank mail outstripped the number of legitimate email in corporate America, indicating an unrelenting onslaught on computer defenses. Malicious code such as SoBig, Mimail, and Yaha, which wreaked havoc on personal computers and servers alike, was disseminated through e-mail. As a reaction, companies allocated 8.2% of corporate budgets were earmarked for cyber-security but the economic lure for hackers have made them more inventive and devious as well.Phishing, the art of deceiving gullible users with cleverly disguised e-mail, has become the fastest-growing non-violent crimes against banks. One sneaky example was that of Swen, an e-mail virus that masquerades as a Microsoft security fix, complete to the last detail so that it looks au indeedtic. The unwary unleashes the virus in the system when the message is opened or previewed. It then breaks down firewalls and antivirus, leaving the system open to infiltration. Instant M essaging, Instant impactInstant Messaging or IM has as well become popular of late because it is, well, instant. Many companies believe they have increased productivity significantly with the use of chawbacon Messenger, Skype, MSN Messenger and AOL Messenger. However, these may bring more than messages into the picture.IM allows users not only to exchange messages but to transfer files as well, which may have malware or a virus riding on it. It also provides backdoor access to hackers because IM bypasses firewalls and gateway perimeter scans. The peer-to-peer network is especially open to exploitation because of this bypass, and the worms spread rapidly, testing at 10 to 20 seconds in some tests. Some antivirus software that work on the desktop direct have some success in catching these worms, but only in restricted cases. other way for hackers to open a portal is to hijack the connection using a man-in-the-middle attack and impersonate the hijacked user. The hacker is then in a authority of trust and may solicit information from the unsuspecting person on the other end. The use of a network sniffer could also steal information from an open portal during an instant messaging session, and a trojan is not even exacted. This is especially dangerous in a corporate network. 37 Voice-over-Internet Protocol (VoIP)The use of VoIP has the probable security risk as that of most data streams. While it may seem to be much like a telephone service, the architecture for VoIP is not the akin as the conventional telephone line, where security is more established and any interception will require a physical presence on the specific telephone wire or PBX. VoIP transmits the voice as a data stream, similar to that of any other web-based application, and is vulnerable to the same kind of invasion or interception. The defense against such invasion is through the same combination of firewalls, antivirus and encryption. 23 Because VoIP is comparatively new, it is still in it s early stages of development, and has not aroused the same attention for identity thieves as other forms of data exchange, although there are some spyware the specifically targets VoIP. CookiesCookies are normally written by a website into the computers harddisk to store personal data about the user relevant to the application which stores the text-only code. Flaws in the generation of the cookie identity has been identified by Security researcher Michal Zalewski as potentially vulnerable to hacker attack because the overwrite protection feature can easily be bypassed and allow malware to remotely plant user information on another persons computer that can be accessed remotely when the user visits specific websites. 35Malware is more than just malicious in that it is motivated by economic gain rather than any kind of grudge or misdirected sense of humor. A more appropriate term for these economic-driven malicous software is spyware. discernware is much more focused and quite destr uctive because it can reside in a system for weeks or even months before it is discovered.Aside from the fact that transmits confidential information to its creator, it also retards down computers if affluent of them reside in the system, even disbling some applications from working at all. There is loss of productivity as well as information. Sometimes it is simply annoying, popping up as adware or altering the home page to redirect the browser to specific websites. It sometimes masquerades as an end-user license agreement and most users just click on it as a matter of course, inadvertently allowing the spyware to be embedded in the system. Whichever form it takes, it cuts down on productivity, uses up RAM and CPU preferences. 27Many IT professionals consider spyware the top security threat as revealed by a WatchGuard Technologies survey in 2005. Consequently, anti-spyware software is also on the rise, making it the top security technology for 2005.Since people make money from i t, it is most likely that hackers would bring it up to the level of a serious enterprise. Particularly vulnerable are banks and financial institutions, such as PayPal, which was targeted by a variation of the Mimail worm. The pathogen redirected the user to a false PayPal verification window which then asked for sensitive financial information. PayPal had hitherto enjoyed a reputation for reliability, so the potential to victimize a large number of people makes the scheme particularly effective.The tendency to use a few core applications is another reason hackers are so effective they only pauperism to focus on circumventing the security of a few systems to ensure a good haul. 25One of these core applications is Microsofts Windows. The vulnerabilities of these products are more numerous than ever, mostly because its widespread use has made it the target of concentration for many hackers. And though improvements in the security features in the products have managed to deflect more than 100,000 variants of the malware circulating, it requires more vigilance on the part of the caretaker to maintain the system to the leading edge of the available updates and security patches. 36There has even been evidence that cyber-criminals have become loosely organized, expert hackers working together with spammers and fraudsters to range the sophistication and reach of the attacks on peer-to-peer networks. The focus is now on compromising integrity rather than the random destruction of files and networks. The treasure in this hunt is for information, and since there is no immediate, discernible damage, it is only when the credit card bills come in or the security system springs an alarm that the invasion becomes apparent.In the instances that a pathogen succeeds in infiltrating a good system, more damage is done than its predecessor, and true to the nature of its name, the virus appears never to completely die, but rather to go into stasis, just time lag for the next impr oved bug to re-activate it in an evolved state, such as the Phatbot in 2004 which exploit known and newly-discovered vulnerabilities in multi-frontal attacks. 36 Profile of a Cyber Criminal 26 Organized crime groupsThe involvement of organized crime groups has served to coalesce otherwise individual hackers. The motive for the involvement is not only profit but to establish a yield of readily available identities to be used in the course of their criminal activities. TerroristsIt has been established that terrorists use various identities to avoid detection by government agencies that are on the alert for their appearance in under their true identities. They acquire employment and obtain financing for their activities. One instance was reported in Spain where a terrorist cell made purchases with the use of stolen credit cards and used fake passports and travel documents to open legitimate bank accounts to finance their operations. Petty criminalsThese are the freelancers, out to ma ke easy money and with no other motive but money. 26Literature Survey of Solutions Research grantsIn 2002, $877 million in government grants were earmarked to neckcloth the Cyber Security Research and Development Act and H.R. 3400, the Networking and Information Technology Advancement Act that would beef up the network security of vital infrastructure.The ATT Foundation has also made contribution by providing grants in 2004 to the University of Texas at Dallas and Syracuse University to support cybersecurity research. Similarly, study ground of Standards and Technology gave a grant to George Mason University School of Laws National Center for Technology Law and James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Va. to collaborate on what is know as the Critical Infrastructure Protection Project. The project is aimed at providing outreach and education, serve as a pool of knowledge, and development of special programs for small businesses and information sharing. 41However, the grants are part of a reaction to 9/11, which seeks to crowd research in counterterrorirsm and national security. The problem of identity theft is much closer to home, or at least take on not be on the scale of national security. Generally, identity theft can occur to as small as the scale of a home computer.A report by Internet security solutions provider Preventon has shown that in the UK, approximately 67% of the surveyed consumers manage their own security software, mostly anti-virus, firewalls or anti-spyware software. However, only 22% considered phishing a serious threat to their security. New ProductsFor financial call centers, a product has been developed by EMCs Security Division called the RSAR Adaptive Authentication for Phone, which seeks to provide a reliable authentication protocol for telephone banking as required by the Federal pecuniary Institutions Examination Councils Authentication in the Internet Banking Environment guidance. It is an limb of the RSA Adaptive Authenti cation for Web in use by 35 of the largest financial institutions and banks in the world.The system makes use of the voice biometric solution based on Vocent technology and Nuances voiceprint engine. It is designed to conduct a risk-based assessment by analyzing voiceprint and user behavior based on predetermined parameters during retail and commercial banking transactions. Aside from the technology, users of the product will also have access to the database of the RSA eFraudNetwork community which has fraudster profiles. 10There has been some opinion that an overlap approach may be more effective, where a combination of firewalls, intruder protection and detection and vulnerability testing be used in concert instead of isolation. 25 A software that goes one step further is PCImmunity, which is designed to combine the security features of Norton, McAfee, SpyBot, SpySweeper, Ad-Aware, ZoneAlarm, Avast, and AVG while supplementing them with a restart feature in cases where one or more of the active applications is deactivated by a hacker or virus. One of its maintenance features is the automatic update of these software and the daily scans of anti-spyware software. 14Two projects that are geared towards anticipating industrial-grade security measures for VoIP has been initiated by the VoIP Security Alliance, or VOIPSA, which aims to establish a threat taxonomy and and a list of VoIP security requirements These protocols will be of particular use for session border controllers, or SBCs, which serves as an intermediary between the unique architecture of VoIP and web-based protocol that would otherwise be incompatible with VoIP.VoIP with SBCSource http//www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/general/bulletin/software/general/3001_pp/3001_p24.jpgOther functions of the SBC is to enable network address translation, VoIP peering and compliance with the communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act. Security-wise, SBCs as the man-in-the-middle, is theoretically in a good posi tion as the front-liner for any unauthorized access or interception. SBCs also serve to mask the presence of VoIP systems and softswitches and other devices. However, the integrity of its security features has yet to be strictly tested. 40The JavaScript malware that confounds most automated detection needs special treatment, using decoding tools such as NJS, SpiderMonkey or Rhino which separates the malware from the browser tool at the command-line level after cleaning up the HTML. It decodes in layers until the malware is completely stripped of its code. The tools are based on JavaScript and designed to be a re-entrant. It is not tackled, however, because such tools have limitations and it is only a matter of time before hackers find a way around it as well. 33another(prenominal) breakthrough that is a double-edged sword is a framework being developed by security expert Roelof Temmingh called Evolution. Though still in its infancy, the framework can be used as both a hackers tool as well as a security application. What it does is to use any identity information and draw off other hidden data. For example, it can transform a domain into e-mail addresses and telephone numbers with the use of the Whois domain name lookup service, so hackers need only one type of information to get a whole slew of information.It can also identify targets for client-side attacks and war-dialing ranges. In the interest of security, however, Evolution can be invaluable in various ways. It can be used as a footprinting to identify phishing sites and identify alliances with weak security postures. In the extensive run, however, Evolution can be used to illustrate the future capabilities of hackers and research to pro-actively counteract such developments would be of immense benefit. 33The important development from a security standpoint is that many companies are finally coming to terms with the magnitude of the battle before them. In a conference in Phoenix, the focus was on new products that were designed to renew the onslaught on incidents of phishing, adware and spyware spurred on by Web 2.0. Products such as NewsGator Hosted Solution allows companies to put an RSS aggregator in their websites, eliminating the need to get feed directly from the original content originator. For security compliance, LogLogic produced the appliance-based solution LogLogic 3 r2 that allows tracking of Microsoft Exchange log activity to identify security risks. 16One product with added features was announced recently by Barracuda Networks which helps identify spam messages even if it is being sent by an apparently innocuous e-mail address. The Spam Firewall e-mail security appliance is now able to analyze sender behavior, facilitating reputation synopsis. When a previously normal nehaving e-mail address suddenly stars unloading massive amounts of email, it is presumed that it has been infected by a botnet and turned into a spam server. 20 DIY Security ProtocolsWith the rise of DIY security came the development of self-help websites that provide security tips and information as well as recommended freeware for downloads. One such website is the Gibson Research Corp. website (www.grc.com) headed by Steve Gibson. He provides three suggestionsStealth or hide seldom-used ports, of which a typical system has 65,000 for an internet scanner to exploit.Disconnect services not in use, which Windows provides and connects by default but which only represents a vulnerability.Bind only the modem to the TCP/IP. Windows binds all network resources to the Internet by default as well, such as a shared printer, which is unnecessary and potentially dangerous.Among Gibsons offerings that have provided some security is Shields Up and LeakTest scans, and Gibsons DCOMbobulator, lead the Messenger, Socket-Lock, UnPlug n Pray and Xpdite make security a little tighter. Another website that may bear investigation is The Human Firewall (www.humanfirewall.org) which focuses more on companies. 36In IM, the best way to prevent identity and other information theft is to use an IM service that allow encryption. Unnecessary file tranfers via IM should also be restricted.Another suggestion is the use of Really Simple Syndication (RSS) as an alternative to joining an e-mailing list. The RSS feed is secure because here is no need for an e-mail address, it merely gets the sought after material from the feeds server. It makes the inbox and spam mail easier to manage as well as reducing the risk of spyware infiltration. 31To confound IRC bots, McAfee experts suggests the use of IRC servers in constructing and IRC honeypot and a network sniffer. The sniffer identifies the IRC channel used by the malicious bot and the IRC honeypot routes all IRC channels to pass through it and an outbound query is allowed. A scallywag bot will try to home into the attackers IRC server and the honeypot then issues commands to unistall the bot. 44 Enterpise Security GovernanceOn the exe cutive level, the Carnegie Mellon Software engine room Institute (SEI) reports in Governing for Enterprise Security that the need to address information security as an enterprise-level governance concern is paramount. It identified several characteristics that define a company that employes governance in enterprice securitySecurity is given the same importance as other aspects of businessSecurity is part of the organizations strategic planning cycleSecurity is considered an integral part of all enterprise functionsKey executives and network staff alike have an appreciation of the responsibilities and issues knotted in network security.Because of the prevalence of confidentiality breaches in the corporate world and the high costs involved in such breaches, an enterprise with a strong, healthy repute and care for the security of the information in their care but still with the ability to communicate efficiently and effectively with their clients will come across as a company that c an be relied on and trusted. 29 ATTs Research Labs president Hossein Eslambolchi agrees that security cannot be an afterthought, and states that the state of network security is so airheaded that hackers can bring down a whole network with very little effort. 13 Government InitiativesThe US government has come to realize the real threat of security and information breach, especially when it involves government agencies. Several intitiatives deal with ensuring vigilance in both public and private enterprises that deal with network security. E-Government Act 2002, a privacy assessment mandate that is designed to protect the personal information of citizens who volunteer their data on government sites, is touted as one of the most significant privacy guidelines. The aim of the mandate is to ease the government into e-government, overcome resistance to change and to emphasize the need for cyber-security and privacy as well as coordination concerns. 21 Another government mandate is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) which came into effect in April 2005 which regulates the use of e-mail and other Internet-based communications by health professionals in efforts to secure sensitive medical information.The guidelines are particularly focused on some key points that may arise in a clinician-patient communication. The rule of flip is that the e-mail is mos probably not secure, and ealth professionals should not solicit confidential patient information via email, nor should patients supply such information. If it is absolutely imperative, the guidelines require tat such e-mail be encoded and encrypted. In cases of sharing benchmarking information and statistical data, it would be advisable to take out pertinent patient information as much as possible. There are 18 HIPAA Patient Identifiers that should be taken out, a list available on the HIPAA website (www.hipaa.org). 3With regard to schools, some efforts at the district levels are being made to establish some security guidelines to protect the integrity of school records. The Consortium for School Networking, together with the Mass Networks Education Partnership in Allston, Mass., has produced the Cyber Security for a Digital District program (www. securedistrict.cosn.org) which provides administrators with an outline of what constitutes a secure database. 43 However, cost is still a major consideration for many school districts, one that has no immediate solution unless administrators and school boards alike are convinced of the importance of cyber-security in the schools.There have been some suggestions that law enforcement agencies take a more offensive take on cyber criminals and ISPs that host such activities, but this move is fraught with legal and ethical issues. Cyber crime is difficult to pin down because it is nealy amorphous in character. Unless it is proven without doubt that such a person or ISP is knowingly involved in the commission of cyber cr imes such as identity theft, any law enforcement actions against what may prove to be an innocent party who may in turn be victims themselves would be ineffective.A recent development has been an unprecedented move by the US District Court in Alexandria, Va. On behalf of Project love Pot of anti-spam company Unspam Technologies, a $1 billion lawsuit was filed against spammers as well as those who harvest e-mail addresses for spammers. The lawsuit is the first and largest of its kind made possible by the efforts of extremitys of Project Honey Pot who have been able to gather enough data to prosecute the alleged perpetrators with the use of the honey pot software, which identifies spam mail and IP addresses of the e-mail harvesters. The gathered data will enable prosecutors to subpoena ISP records for the involved IP addresses and its owners. The results of this litigation could well provide cyber criminals at least a pause in their activities. 28Outstanding IssuesOne of main problem s with countering unauthorized invasions is the lack of government spending on network security. Moreover, universities are churning out an inadequate supply of graduates with enough knowledge in network security to come up with practical and effective counters to what hackers can come up with. According to National Academy of Engineering (NAE) president William Wulf, there are perhaps about 200 serious computer security researchers in the US.Academic research is also notoriously slow in coming out with publications, much too slow to be of practical use in the rapid development of cyber-crime.Much of the brain fail is due to the demand of private enterprises, which pays a lot better than academic research, for talent to staff short-term projects that has nothing to do with security research. Purdue University Professor Eugene Spafford characterizes the spot to security issues as most people view insurance.Software Engineering Institutes Timothy J. Shimeall agrees as senior technic al staff member of its Networked Systems Survivability Program. Not enough attention and resources is being devoted to security issues until it becomes a problem. For those who are involved in academic research in security, most are theoretical, with little or no practical basis, according to Columbia University computer science professor Salvatore J. Stolfo. 30Another issue that has yet to be addressed is the steering of the distributed-computing environment, in which the traditional, centralized concept of a security perimeter, known as the Orange Book architecture of the US Department of Defenses trust figurer System Evaluation Criteria, is of little use. What is needed is long-term, systemic, non-theoretical view of the problem, rather than disaster management and short-term product cycle thinking.A survey, called the Risk of Sharing, of 300 companies in the US, UK and Australia revealed gaps in the business communications process due mainly to lack of process auditability, in advertent exposure of confidential data, review cycle inaccuracies and resource loss through dealing with spam, amendments and approvals. 5It has also been observed that many companies fail to make full use of the security softwar they already possess, and the reason for this appears to be data overload. When security software provides audit information for instances of attempts at invasion, it spews out a lot of information, much of it extraneous. Systems analysts must figure out which are the significant entries out of thousands of entries, and some companies resourt to outsourcing the work. 25ConclusionThe story of infected networks and compromised information has become all too familiar, a state of affairs that has begun to make itself felt with a vengeance. Of particular concern is the increasing number of incidents of identity theft. It is of concern to the individuals and corporations that are directly affected by it, but it is also a matter of national security, especially s ince the onslaught of terrorist attacks on the US. One side of the hackers economics is selling of legitimate identities to identified individuals who are persona non grata in the US. Identity theft is should thus be a priority for individuals, business entities and government agencies alike.Efforts by researchers to come up with defensive foils to stem the malware tide have met with mixed success as each step to successfully battling existing threats is countered by newer, more sophisticated and more dangerous threats. The economics behind the hacking industry has become huge as the world becomes more and more enmeshed in the cyber world, and the opportunities for profit is increasing as more and more industries are hooking up. However, the benefits of being connected still outweighs the drawbacks and the key to maintaining equilibrium is vigilance.On the far end of the security spectrum is government agencies that exact compliance for security regulations to deter cyber crime. Bus inesses follow suit as required because it is also to their benefit to do so, although many small companies have resistance because they have yet to feel the squeeze of an all-out hack attack. Big enterprises are more in the picture because they are bigger targets, although hackers are migrating more and more to softer targets whose resistance to regulations make them more vulnerable to attack.On the other end of the spectrum is the individual user, whether in the office or home setting. It is the responsibility of each user to be aware of the dangers, whether they are hooked up to local area network with the potential to infect from two to 50 other terminals because of a security suite that lacks maintenance, or the home user with an address book full of friends and family which has the potential of spreading malware with the ease of a click of a mouse.The tools to combat malicious cyber crime is available but users need to be educated about their responsibilities. Users need to be vigilant about their computer use, with their e-mails, with their IM sessions, even with their browsing behavior. As Uncle Ben said to Peter Parker, with great power comes great responsibility. Being interconnected has unleashed great power, and the responsibility to harness this power for the common good is very much in the hands of each user.AcknowledgmentReferencesBill authorizes $877 million for cyber security research. Communications Today. December 7, 2001. Retrieved April 27, 2007 from http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BMD/is_228_7/ai_80639935CinTel develops a network security solution that enables content filtering proxy. EDP Weekly IT Monitor. August 8, 2005. Retrieved April 27, 2007 from http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0GZQ/is_30_46/ai_n14939952Do your e-mails comply with new security regs? HIPAA regs cover security and confidentiality. HealthCare Benchmarks and Quality Improvement. May 2005. 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