Literacy Plan Essay

As I am starting to learn the basics of how to become an effective teacher, I am learning what type of teacher I am and what type of teacher I want to be. Growing up, aspiring to be a teacher, I never thought teachers had to learn how to do some methods I have seen. For example, teachers always knew how to capture the students’ attention again after the children would get off task. I thought this skill came naturally to teachers and I would obtain it with time. On my adventure of this learning process of becoming a teacher, I have learned this skill is something you learn how to do and there are many other skills to learn along the way. These skills and methods come from multiple studies and research done by theorists over the decades. Learning all these theories at first was overwhelming, but over time I got a grasp on the basics of just a few theorists and their theories. There are so many researchers that have put their opinions out in the open for teachers to take into account and work from. There is Vygotsky, Cambourne, Holdaway, Piaget, Skinner, and Dewey just to name a few! After acquiring this basic knowledge of some theories, I have come to realize that there is one theorist’s methods I agree with the most when it comes to teaching literacy. This theorist is Brian Cambourne. Cambourne is an educational anthropologist from Australia who has emphasized his research in literacy learning. He has come up with many conditions pertaining to literacy learning. His theory compliments my beliefs the best, compared to the other theories I have learned about. I believe in having students experience different types of literature. This process allows students to become familiar with different ways of writing, and how to say things in many different ways. This also gives them a chance to figure out what style of language they like best and grasp an idea of what type of literacy come easiest to them. When students understand more types of literacy, it vastly opens up their range of vocabulary that can only benefit them in the future. This condition of students exploring all types of literacy is what Cambourne calls immersion and I find it to be a step that does not seem to be obvious to children. I feel students do not know when they are looking at different types of literacy. I believe in making an effort in explaining what type of material the students are reading from, rather than just handing them something and telling them to read it. This is the reason why I believe demonstration is the next big important process. Demonstration is a very important step in my eyes for literacy learning. Demonstration is modeling literate behaviors, formally and informally (Cambourne). I personally am a visual learner and prefer to have the teacher model what I am going to do before I have to employ it on my own. When a model was not available to me, I would become stressed and overwhelmed with this feeling of not knowing what I am doing. I do not want my students to become frustrated when they are reading and writing; I want them to enjoy it and be excited about it. Therefore, when I become a teacher, I especially want to practice Cambourne’s condition of demonstration by having a whole group lesson in order to formally demonstrate for my students. This can be done while the students are at their desks, but I believe having this process done in a carpet area reminds students that what I, the teacher, am about to say is important to hear. Also, I believe in the saying, â€Å"monkey see, monkey do. † Therefore, I believe a teacher should always speak proper grammar, self-correct, and demonstrate reading strategies at all times in front of the children because they are going to mimic what they hear and see the most by the adults in their lives. After a demonstration is complete, I believe an expectation of what the students should know is built. Cambourne believes this condition of expectation is that the students â€Å"get the message†. I believe that if a teacher’s demonstration was done correctly, the students will know that information and the teacher can expect them to know it. Not only does expectation build, but I believe the responsibility the student has for knowing what him/herself can accomplish grows. This process of being responsible for their own learning, I believe, does not come naturally. I think the teacher must allow these students to take on these responsibilities themselves. For example, if a teacher never lets a student choose their own book, that student will never gain the responsibility of knowing what books are right for him or her or learn how to pick the right kind of book for him or her. Learners will choose what they will explore intellectually as they go through literate behaviors (Cambourne). Once students have become aware of the skills that are being demonstrated to them, I believe the next important step is allowing students time to practice what they have learned. Cambourne calls this condition employment. I am a strong believer in â€Å"practice makes perfect†. I understand that nothing is perfect and there is always room for improvement. So maybe â€Å"practice provides improvement† is a better quote to go by. A learner will never become better at what they are learning if it is not practiced. With students practicing what they have learned, mistakes happen. This condition is what Cambourne calls approximation. I believe it is a good thing to let the learners make mistakes as they are exploring literacy because they will only learn from it! I know that when I become a teacher, I want to stress that making mistakes is okay and will benefit anyone because they will only learn from it. I could even purposely make mistakes in order to model self-correction as well. But learners will only understand their mistake when feedback is given in a timely fashion. Coming to Alverno, I have probably received the most feedback I ever have here compared to the rest of my educational career. I have come to firmly believe that feedback provides new knowledge for learners because it brings another perspective into their personal work. My feelings about feedback correspond with Cambourne’s condition called response. He believes this feedback should come from someone with more knowledge, such as a teacher. I want to make sure I conference with each of my students, individually, in order to look over what they have been working with and provide timely, appropriate feedback. I feel these conferences build a student’s confidence by being told what they are doing well, and they get to understand what kind of mistakes they are making in order to fix them and grow. After reading over Cambourne’s theory, there was nothing I could not agree with. I remember while I was reading it, all I could say was, â€Å"yes, yes, and yes! † I do have to say developing my philosophy about literacy learning was a challenge. I feel like I am still developing my philosophy, but I have a grasp on my basic beliefs for my future teaching career. I know what kind of teacher I would like to be and when reading Cambourne’s theory I could picture myself doing each condition and feeling proud by teaching literacy in such a way.

Addiction in Adults and It’s Effects on Their Children Essay

When thinking about drug addiction in adults, one often thinks about and wonders how and when an adult starts or becomes addicted to drugs. Studies have shown that people who have become addicted to drugs from various causes of society. Daily stress of everyday life, some people are forced to start drugs in certain situations, the process and life of a person dealing with drug addiction during pregnancy, the use of drugs during pregnancy, and the effects of drug use during pregnancy; just to name a few. See more: Foot Binding In China essay According to Authors: Lawrence Robinson, Melinda Smith, M. A. , and Joanna Saisan, M. S. W. Last updated: January 2012, â€Å"Many first try drugs out of curiosity, to have a good time, because friends are doing it, or in an effort to improve athletic performance or ease another problem; such as stress, anxiety, or depression. Drug abuse and addiction is less about the amount of substance consumed or the frequency, and more to do with the consequences of drug use. No matter how often or how little you’re consuming, if your drug use is causing problems in your life—at work, school, home, or in your relationships—you likely have a drug abuse or addiction problem. † Drug addiction leads adult down the road of consequences, which such consequences could lead to pregnancy and childbirth. Some addicts may try to clean up during pregnancy however; there are plenty of people addicted to drugs so bad that it consumes their mind. Society has to take in account that there have been studies done on the effects of a parent addicted to drugs raising children. One can find facts that have found that there are parents that are considered functioning drug addicts. Some drug addicted parents are not involved in their children’s life. Now this leads society to wonder about some of the effects that the child may experience. Some children may have serious or several health issues when they are born addicted to drugs. Experts have also shown that some children may not have a medical issue but may experience mental and emotional issues at the same time. According to Lisa Levin, student of psychology, the University of Umea, Sweden, under guidance by Gunborg Palme, certified psychologist, certified psychotherapist, teacher and tutor in psychotherapy, â€Å"The American psychologist Janet G. Woititz was one of the first who paid real attention to the situation for adult children of addicts, with her book â€Å"Adult Children of Alcoholics†. In this book, she elucidated various characteristics that she found in many of these adult children. † Drug ddiction in adults can lead to a world of destruction for both the parents and children. Children can be removed from the home and placed in foster care. Sometimes these children experience terrible situations such as molestation and abuse. However, in other circumstances where some drug addicted adults willing give their children up to family members to rise. At times some of these children can lead down the path of drugs as well. It is being proven that some kids born addicted to drugs have also done drugs as a teenager and adult. In cases children will even sell drugs, work in adult clubs and entertainment, participate in prostitution, and even have children at early ages. But still one can find some of these children also can have a successful story and go down a completely different path, such as success, college, financial stability, or even religious background. The individual is the one that makes the choice on what path they will take in life. Lisa Levin also stated, â€Å"Children of addicts are more likely to develop their own substance abuse and social behavior problems than other children. According to certain researchers, the risk is twice as high, while others estimate the risk to be 4-9 times higher. † Personal thoughts on drug addiction in adults and the effects it has on their children would have to be so many that run through my head. I believe that children have the chose to make two options in their lives. Since dealing with family members who were and are addicted to drugs and their children have graduate from college, work a good job which pays good money, are married and have a family. I have at the same token had cousins that have also been addicted to drugs, prostitution, selling drugs, end up in jail, and have even died following the wrong path in their life. We all have to be responsible for ourselves and live life accordingly. I don’t believe that all children have bad effects of drug addicted parents. I believe they can choose to live a better life and change their situation for the better. One must always find the confidence, drive, and determination to want to make their life what they desire. When being a witness to both sides of the fence, bias is up in the air for now.

Worldwide View on the Death Penalty Research Paper

Worldwide View on the Death Penalty - Research Paper Example Moreover, criminal activities that may result in a death penalty are referred to capital offences or capital crimes. The phrase capital stems from a Latin word meaning execution that is undertaken through beheading (Hood 8). In previous times, capital punishment has been put into practice by a large number of societies. Presently, 58 countries aggressively put it into practice, and 97 nations have abolished it. The remaining nations have not employed death penalty for almost 10 years or only practice it in isolated occasions, for example, during war time. In addition, the death penalty is a subject of dynamic controversy in a number of states and countries, and opinions may differ within a sole cultural religion or political ideology. Article 2 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union proscribes the employment of capital punishment. Presently, Amnesty International deems a large number of countries as abolitionist. In 2007, 2008, and 2010, the United Nations General Assembly adopted non-binding declarations requiring a global moratorium on executions, with an aim to ultimate abolition. Even though numerous countries have abolished the death penalty, more than 60% of the population of the world resides in nations where executions occur, for example, the United States of America, China, and Iran. Also, the United States of America and China voted against the resolutions of the General Assembly (Hood 54). This paper will analyze the worldwide view on the death penalty while looking at the trends that have affected obliteration of the death sentence in states that have abolished it, the movement towards global abolition of the death penalty, some of the major countries who practice the death penalty, trends between pro death penalty countries. It will also analyze the potential of abolition in these countries, the role of international organizations in the search for a worldwide abolition, and the differences that might exist in public opinion reg arding the death penalty around the world. The global death penalty trends are obviously in the direction of abolition. The practice of the death penalty globally has continued to reduce in size, and use of the death penalty has also been gradually more restrained in international law. Since 1990, approximately 3 nations have abolished the death penalty, and currently, 141 countries and almost two-thirds of the globe have abolished the death penalty or have terminated capital punishment in practice or law (Mandery 36). The Hungarian Constitutional Court asserted that the death penalty abuses human dignity and the inherent right to life as highlighted in article 54 of the constitution, on October 24th, 1990. This had the impact of abolishing the death penalty for all criminal activities in the country. The South African Constitutional Court affirmed the death penalty for murder as illustrated by the laws to be contrary with the exclusion of punishment, cruel, degrading or inhuman tre atment, or punishment under the nation’s acting constitution, on 6th June 1995. On 9th December 1998 the Republic of Lithuania’s Constitutional Court judged the death penalty for murder in the Criminal Code conflicts with the Constitution on protecting the right to life. The Ukrainian Constitutional Court asserted that the death penalty was not constitutional and the laws permitting it invalid on 29th December 1999. The constitution prohibits torture and inhuman behavior that abuses human dignity. On 11th November 1999 the Republic of Albania’s Constitutional Court declared the death penalty in peace time as conflicting with the constitution, which gives the

Mergers and Acquisitions Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9500 words

Mergers and Acquisitions - Dissertation Example The aim of the study is to reveal the impact of merger and acquisition on the performance of companies in UK which will be achieved by analysing the financial performance of sample companies involved before and after M&A. The study will analyse the financial statements of randomly selected companies before and after merger so as to reveal the true impact from such merger or acquisition. The study begins with an introduction and initial discussion of background followed by a detailed literature review. The research methodology is designed so as to facilitate analysis of secondary data collected from reliable online sources. The findings section discusses the research findings which is then analysed so as to critically analyse the research findings with research objectives and to what extent does the findings answer research questions. After the interpretation of findings, the research finally ends with conclusion and recommendations. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Chapter 1: Introductio n 6 1.1. History and Background of the Research 7 1.2. Objectives of the Research 8 1.3. Aims of Research 9 1.4. Research Problem and Research Questions 9 Chapter 2: Literature Review 10 2.1. Types of Mergers 11 2.2. Motives for mergers 12 2.3. Empirical Studies 16 2.3.1. Event Studies 16 2.3.2. Accounting Studies 16 2.3.3. Clinical Studies 17 2.3.4. Executive Surveys 17 Chapter 3: Research Methodology 17 3.1. Research Problem 18 3.2. Primary Research 19 3.3. Secondary Research 19 3.4. Data Collection 20 3.4.1. Primary Data Collection 21 3.4.2. Secondary Data Collection 22 3.4.3. Justification of Secondary Data Collection 22 3.5. Sampling and Sample Size 23 3.6. Data Analysis 23 Chapter 4: Findings of the Research 24 4.1. Overview 24 4.2. Financial Statement Analysis of Companies BEFORE Merger and Acquisition 25 4.2.1. Performance Analysis of Acquirer Company - Barclay Plc (Before M&A) 25 4.2.2. Performance Analysis of Acquired Company - Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc (Before M&A) 30 4.3. Financial Statement Analysis of Companies AFTER Merger and Acquisition 35 4.4. Results of Findings 40 Chapter 5: Analysis of Findings 42 5.1. Brief Overview of Findings 42 5.2. Reasons for Merger 43 5.3. Consequences of M&A 45 Chapter 6: Conclusion 46 Chapter 7: Recommendations 48 References 53 Appendices 57 Table 1 – Financial Statements of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (Before Merger) 57 Table 2 – Financial Statements of Barclays Plc (Before Merger) 58 Table 3 – Financial Statements after Merger and Acquisition 59 Chapter 1: Introduction In today’s world the primary objective of a firm is to survive the cut-throat competition and one way to do that is to make more profits and add value to shareholders’ wealth. The ladder of success for any firm is ‘growth’ which can be achieved either by expanding existing resources or introduction of new products and services. Another way of achieving growth is through merger and acquisition (M &A). The former is also known is organic growth where the firm uses its own resources (retained earnings, reserves and surplus, or equity capital) for financing growth. The later is also known as inorganic growth where the acquirer firm buys the assets and liabilities of the target(s) as on a given date (Sherman, 2010, p.1). Thus, M&A are external growth strategy that gains popularity mainly

Morality and Moral Controversies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Morality and Moral Controversies - Essay Example In such a situation wherein there is a failure of laws, can we now say that it is not that important? One thing struck my mind as I am trying to answer this particular question. Is law is in itself intrinsically good regardless of its consequence or law is good because of some benefits and goods that we derive out of it? I would like to believe that laws in themselves are good and that we value it not because it serve or fulfill some functions or purposes in the society nor because we gain something out of it. This I hold on the supposition that: first, law is one of the factors that maintains social cohesion, which is necessary in human beings’ social life within the society. Second, law, even if man made and as such not perfect, susceptible to wrongful interpretation and implementation, is in itself good because it is only within the purview of law that human beings enjoy concrete freedom. â€Å"It is concrete freedom because it enables individuals to fulfill their particul ar interests as these interests have developed within the limits allowed by the rights and duties specified in family and civil society and protected by the rule of law.†1 And lastly, laws as mark of human beings’ rational undertakings allow us to move beyond the notion that social life is a â€Å"necessity because it is a favorable condition that enables humanity to continue its existence.†2 2. Universities are supposed to be places where free speech flourishes. Write an essay on the importance and limits of free speech on campus. Is â€Å"political correctness† on campus a form of censorship or merely an attempt to be sure that everybody on campus feels welcome and able to learn? Universities are public arenas wherein human minds are not merely molded and enriched. But, more than that, it is the venue where human beings are holistically realized. Hence, the moment students step out of their university they are not only learned individuals but involved citizens

History of Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History of Communication - Essay Example Following the emergence of the recent technological innovations such as the cochlear implants, issues of community, language, unification and identity keep on becoming rampant. (Deaf Culture: Introduction) Following various efforts, the ultimate achievement was witnessed with the establishment of the Columbia Institute for the Deaf at Washington, DC in 1864. The later portion of the 19th century saw the growth of the oral theories of deaf education. Even though a lot of these theories persist, they have in common a stress on the value of acquiring oral skills, i.e. reading and speech in the educational training of the deaf children. It is very important to note that a major supporter of technique of oral methods was Alexander Graham Bell whose mother and wife had problems in hearing. The first important oral school in the U.S., Clarke School for the Deaf in Northampton, Massachusetts was opened in 1867. This variation in philosophy between the supporters of conventional sign language and those who are in favor of oral language formed a vital division across the second half of the 19th century as well as the 20th century. The differences were sometimes strong, resulting in intense divi sions within the deaf education community. (History of Deaf Education in America) The capability to educate in oral skills depends largely on the extent of hearing loss, the age in which the student lost his/her hearing ability particularly if it was prior to or following acquisition of the sign language and other factors as well. Thus there is broad array of achievement and failure dependent, which is not on intelligence, rather on these factors. During the history of development, oral skills are not generally very helpful for communication among deaf persons, and the application of the oral techniques really prevents the deaf from careers as teachers. The American School for Deaf at this time, tried out students in oral classes initially, and in case they did not get results, placed them in manual classes as an alternative, under a philosophy known as the Combined System. A lot of other schools meant for the deaf accepted the oral method to a greater degree. The 20th century witnessing a scenario wherein the oral method was losing its popularity to the sign met hod which was gaining increased acceptance. (History of Deaf Education in America) The difference between spoken language and sign language, while crucial for researchers, is a sweeping statement for most real-life situations. It is exceptional that deaf children are subjected to spoken language or sign language, even if this is the purpose of their parents or teachers. As per data relating to the year 1999, roughly 55% of deaf children in America are officially enrolled in programs which state suing of sign language solely just more than 5% or signed and spoken language in combination just more than 49%. (Albertini; Lang; Marschark 89) One more aspect observed in the Ralph Fasold authored publication entitled "The Sociolinguistics of Society" gives an account of the essence of sociolinguistics that is dependent on two facts regarding language. First of all, that language changes which is to state that speakers have more than a single means to speak roughly the same thing. The second aspect is that language serves a widely inclusive objective just as important one of

5A Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

5A - Essay Example Yippy the puppy was supposed to grow up to be a great guard dog like his father, Growl, but there were two main problems with that. One, he was too noisy with his sharp little puppy ‘yip’ and two, he was way too small. Besides, he was too busy getting acquainted with all the other interesting creatures that lived around the dock warehouse where his family worked. This opening immediately establishes our main character as a friendly young male dog with a high-pitched bark that he uses often to help express his thoughts. This is such an important character trait that he is even named after it, establishing it as the most important element of his character to the outcome of the story. The listener is given the impression that this character is impetuous, friendly, vocal and relatively carefree in his personality while they receive a visual impression of a small body, possibly dark colored as most guard dogs seem to be. It also immediately establishes conflict and struggle. The puppy is a friendly creature, wishing to get to know everyone around him, while his father is a ferocious guard dog named Growl, immediately giving an impression of menace and hostility. This is what the puppy is expected to grow into. From these very early opening lines, the audience is wondering how this gregarious little puppy is supposed to grow up into the threatenin gly quiet and reserved guard dog his family expects him to be and how he will resolve these contradictions for a happy ending. While there may be other events that happen to this puppy as a result of his relentless curiosity and exuberance, these character elements will remain important in the telling of his story as they will inform his in his reactions. Old Larry crept slowly and carefully onto the largest lilypad of the pond, assuming the head bullfrog’s duty of leading the night-time chorus. He might be old,

The paper should be presented as a Journal opinion article and address Essay

The paper should be presented as a Journal opinion article and address an economic issue of current interest to Wall Street Journal readers - Essay Example The expedition in launching the mars exploration spacecraft has triggered a heated debate on the wall street journal in the past with many arguments being centered on the economics of launching the mars orbiter at an exorbitant cost while many of the Indian citizens continue to languish in poverty and living at absolute wanton. However, before such criticisms, people should be aware that governments are responsible of management of a country’s resources for the best interest of the inhabitants of the countries. Economic viability of projects informs the government in the most profitable investments to undertake. Proper evaluation of such a projects economic viability would help in advising a government on investing in the right investments or otherwise. In an article, dated 5 Nov 2013, one WSJ staff makes a collection of many of the comments that circulated among social media platforms in the wall street journal concerning the $73 million mission in undertaking mars exploration by India (Anon, para 1-3). According to many of the comments was that this was a huge undertaking that was spending so much amount of public funds, which would be otherwise spent, on improving the livelihoods of majority of the Indians through provision of food, water, improved sanitation and such other measures that would improve on their livelihoods. Nevertheless, there were also a number of comments who would reason in support of the expedition and reason that the long-term benefits to be realized through the exploration outweighed the capital investment devoted to the exploration exercise. While all opinions are justifiable, this paper chooses to object to the opinions of those who would question the investment through supporting the undertaking by the Indian government. Economic advancement and development within any economy has its roots embedded in research and development. Space exploration is therefore very essential especially within the 21st century as we

The film Jimi - All Is By My Side Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The film Jimi - All Is By My Side - Essay Example The biggest disappointment in the film was that when the audience expected some depiction of creativity and humor on Jimi, they were shown depression and a gloomy tale that indicated Jimi as a speechless mystic who had no spirit. Instead of the director showing Jimi in tour within Europe and performing music, the director only showed violence, overdoses, and mental breakdowns. This is quite an unprofessional film making and would probably make the audience wish the film was over. One would feel like they are watching an interpretation of the events. The article by Ian Inglis, â€Å"Popular Music History on Screen: The Pop/Rock Biopic† According to Ian’s article, the film followed the expectation of the biopic. In the film, one can see how Hendrix grew to stardom as he passed through the hardships. However, biopic films are always very predictable and turn out to be boring. The film producers decided to choose the year before Hendrix was a superstar. A fascinating thing about the film is that it does not only indicate to the viewers the particular period in Hendrix’s life but also teases it out in a popular figure. Hendrix has been a hero of his own and Benjamin manages to convey a character that was quite difficult. It is the conflicting and philosophical elements of Hendrix’s characters that prove to be quite compelling. One can get the notion that if he had not been found playing guitar in New York, Hendrix would have been satisfied playing the guitar anywhere and buying some second-hand clothes.

The Presentation Of Childhood In Adult Literature Essay Example for Free

The Presentation Of Childhood In Adult Literature Essay The childs inability to interpret the adult world is often central to the presentation of childhood in adult literature. Compare the presentation of childhood in Spies and Atonement, considering to what extent you feel this comment is applicable to these texts. As is frequently the case with novels written for adults with children as the main protagonists, the presentation of childhood emphasises the innocence of those at a young and often tender age. When the real world is like a dream, everyday activities are play and adults are a separate species with baffling social conventions, a child will often try to understand grown up aspects of life, but will make genuine misunderstandings instead. Many writers look back on their youth with fondness and use these misunderstandings for either comic intent, such as in Frayns Spies, or for life-altering tragedy in McEwans Atonement. In these two novels, as well as the prominence of childhood and memories being recalled as an adult, there is also the historical context to be considered in how this affects the presentation of childhood. Both novels are set during the Second World War. Life in Britain in the 1930s and 40s was an era of transition for society, during which the rise of the urban working class had led to significant changes in politics. Because of the war and the sudden absence of huge amounts of the populations men, families as units were changing more women were working at the same time as being mothers. However, the class system still held a firm grip on society, with every individual aware of their own status. It dictated what they would achieve or become, if anything, in life. This is shown in Spies as Stephen feels inferior to his friend Keith. He is aware he comes from a less well off milieu and goes to a different school. In Atonement Robbie Turner suffers all his life from the discrimination that comes with being working class and the son of the Tallises cleaning lady. In Spies, the character of Stephen is portrayed sympathetically, but not always sentimentally, by his older self. Humour is used frequently to invite the reader to laugh at Stephens inadequacies or false conclusions. But with the distance created by the maturity of the narrator, Stephens childhood troubles and traumas can be viewed with a sense of perspective. In the first paragraph of the novel, the narrator says, Im a child again and everythings before me all the frightening, half understood promise of life. Stephen is constantly fearful and held back by his crippling inability to be brave. He has a fight or flight mentality, twinned with a habit of avoidance. This is demonstrated by his childish habit of physically shutting his eyes when in a dangerous or tense situation, vainly trying to escape. Another aspect of his extreme anxiety is his terror of germs everything about them (the children in the Lanes) is plainly laden with germs and his understandable fear of Mr Hayward. The narrator relates Stephens feelings honestly and does not hold back embarrassing details his being teased by his classmates, or his crawling into his parents bed after a nightmare. As a child passing into adolescence, there develops an emerging sexuality with the influence of Barbara and awareness of his own mortality and vulnerability, but he still has irrational thoughts and feelings that as an adult he does not find so all-consuming any more: The imagination ages, like everything else. The intensity fades. You dont get as afraid as you used to Chapter 11, p232. Barbaras character symbolised by her blue bobble purse, both intrigues and unsettles Stephen. This is shown in Chapter 5 when she intrudes into the hideout in the bushes, smiling her big mocking smile, making herself entirely at home. p96. Stephen is outraged by her very presence and goes off on a ranting description Theres something girlishly self-satisfied about the bobbliness of the leather and the shininess of the popper that offends me almost as much as her intrusion. Unable to process his real feelings, he blames objects for his bad moods. He rejects anything feminine, which is a classic trait for young boys unable to understand girlhood. The naivety of childhood is captured in Spies because there are so many misunderstandings on Stephen and Keiths part about what is really going on in the Close and who is potentially a spy. The narrator frequently asks rhetorical questions about how much the child knew, and whether he should have noticed any inconsistencies in the stories he actively believed at the time. Atonement is similar to Spies in that it has a child protagonist, the precocious and intelligent Briony, but she is in contrast to the introverted and paranoid Stephen. Both Briony and Stephen make assumptions about the adults around them. The narrative structure of Atonement is different to Spies in that it has the added post-modern twist of a narrator who takes a writers liberty to change what really happened. While Spies concerns only one small world of Stephen, Brionys older self writes about the wider world, with the part two concerning Robbie in occupied France. It could be said that while Atonement is a grand panorama, Spies is a claustrophobic, brooding miniature (Geraldine Brooks, Slate.com.). However, it is difficult to completely agree with this view in light of Spies. As it is still primarily concerned with documenting life during the war, the definition of the wider world become looser and all points of view, whether from an overseas soldier or a sheltered child, could be considered valid and important. Childhood in Atonement is centred on the one crucial misunderstanding that Briony makes, and that causes tragedy to reverberate in the ruined lives of Cecilia and Robbie. Because of her inability to understand that Robbies interest in Cecilia is perfectly normal as an adult, she then has a fantasy that he is a sex maniac due to the shocking letter, and she is not capable of seeing her older sister as a willing participant in the library. As events in the house snowball and she interprets cousin Lolas silence for confirmation of her suspicions of Robbie, she is more than happy to be useful and give the statement to the police that condemns him. Later in her life she realises her mistake and gains humility, trying to atone for what she had done. But Briony is perhaps not the only one to be blamed, for in Cecilias letter to Robbie in part two her perspective shifts culpability from Brionys mischief more to the inattentive, uninsightful adults: They chose to believe the evidence of a silly, hysterical little girl. In fact, they encouraged her by giving her no room to turn back. She was a young thirteen, I know. Also significant in the presentation of childhood in Atonement is the gulf between the adults and the children. On pondering her interruption of the library, Briony realises that Robbie must hate her. She describes it as another entry, another first: to be hated by an adultChildren hated generously, capriciously. It hardly mattered. But to be the object of adult hatred was an initiation into a solemn new world. It was promotion. Briony longs to be more grown up and thinks that she has knowledge of the adult world. But her excited girlishness and tendency to over exaggerate prevents her from ever being convincing. Briony teeters at the brink of adolescence, just as Lola longed to throw off the last restrains of childhood. In reading Atonement we see the child of 1935 the scene of the crime through the eyes and pen of the adult of the 1999 coda. At the beginning of chapter 13 it says with the insight and irony of the adult, Within half an hour Briony would commit her crime. The novel includes aspects of the coming of age genre, or Bildungsroman. The story of Brionys individual growth and development takes place in the context of wartime and the certain kind of romanticism that often comes with stories of WW2 childhood (the mixture of awareness and innocence, with the innocence being corrupted by the war and devastation going on around them). If the childs inability to interpret the adults around them is central to the presentation of childhood in adult novels, then it is realistic to say that both Spies and Atonement use the full resources of an adult mentality remembering her/himself. They are both adult narrative voices reflecting atmosphere of innocence oppressed by knowledge. Stephen and Briony are too young to process the adult world, so they have their own interpretations, and these lead to consequences that affect the outcome of the stories. Bibliography Spies, Michael Frayn, 2002 Faber and Faber Atonement, Ian McEwan, 2002 Vintage Spies York Notes Advanced by Anne Rooney, 2007 Atonement- Text Guide by Robert Swan, Philip Allan Updates 2006 Brionys Stand Against Oblivion: Ian McEwans Atonement by Brian Finney, 2002 http://www.csulb.edu/~bhfinney/mcewan.html

Meanign and characteristics of a Service

Meanign and characteristics of a Service Researchers had focused on the prosperous history of the marketing discipline. Researchers has also made specific contribution of the fact that previous marketing literature ignored the marketing of services, and rather emphasized the importance of marketing of the physical goods. The following quote by Converse (1921) obviously supports that idea: Still the main function of business is to market goods. Accounting, banking, insurance, and transportation are only aids, very important aids it is true, to the production and marketing of goods (p. vi). Throughout the review of extensive lirtature on marketing on general services marketing, Fisk, Brown and Bitner (1993) explored that even up until the 1950s and 1960s services marketing was typically studied only by dissertation research. At that instant there was not only little acknowledgement of services marketing, but more astonishingly no understanding of the difference between physical goods and services. Johnson (1969) was the author of a dissertation titled Are goods and services different? That research was mainly accountable for flashing the goods versus services discussion that followed (Fisk, Brown and Bitner, 1993). Only after the American Marketing Association (1960) presented a definition of services did services articles begin to emerge in typical marketing journals. These articles required to challenge the Associations service definition, which described services as: Activities, benefits or satisfactions which are offered for sale, or are provided in connection with the sale of goods. Examples are amusements, hotel service, electric service, transportation, the services of barber shops and beauty shops, repair and maintenance service, the work of credit rating bureaus. This list is merely illustrative and no attempt has been made to make it complete. The term also applies to various activities such as credit extension, advice and help of sales people, delivery, by which the seller serves the convenience of his customers. (p. 21). Regan (1963) supported this definition, although authors key concern was not to discuss the definition, but to underline the creation of services that was taking place in the United States. Judd (1964) was one of the first authors to make an effort to redefining services. Author was critical of the services definition that had been presented due to it being simply descriptive, imperfect and too dependent on listed examples. Consequently, Rathmell (1966) broadly detailed the marketing characteristics of services, a task saw as crucial in light of the United States rapidly increasing services sector. The features author portrayed are still used today throughout many services marketing journals and textbooks (Fisk, Brown and Bitner, 1993). Authors have usually agreed upon the fact that a service contains of the following features: intangibility, inseparability, perishability and heterogeneity. These previous articles went a long way towards helping people to understand the multifaceted nature of marketing, and thus helped to eliminate the marketing myopia illustrated by Levitt (1960). Meaning of Service A service is a complex fact (Grà ¶nroos 1988:10). The word has various connotations, varying from a personal service to a service as a product. The range of the meaning of the concept can be even vital. Berry, Zeithaml and Parasuraman (1985:44) define services as Performances, not objects. Gaster and Squires (2003:7) partially have the same opinion with this definition, as they define services as experience goods. From these definitions it is clear that a service varies from goods, but it is not totally apparent what the nature of a service is. As the focal point of the current research is a service rather than goods, it would be preferable to utilize a definition that recognizes the necessary characteristics of a service for the purposes of the current research. The characteristics of a service are recognized as intangibility (Boshoff 1990; Eiglier Langeard 1977; Grà ¶nroos 1978; Schneider White 2004; Upah Fulton 1985), relative inseparability (Eiglier Langeard 1977; Gaster Squires 2003; Grà ¶nroos 1978; Schneider White 2004), interdependence (Czepiel et al. 1985; Eiglier Langeard 1977; Grà ¶nroos 1984; Haywood-Farmer 1988; Kelly, Donnelly Skinner 1990; Speller Ghobadian 1993a) and heterogeneity (Anthony Govindarajan 2000; Eiglier Langeard 1977; Gaster Squires 2003; Haywood-Farmer 1988; Schneider White 2004). Characteristics of services Intangibility Probably the most basic and most often it is mentioned of the many characteristics of a service is the defining characteristic of intangibility (Boshoff 1990:37; Eiglier Langeard 1977: 36; Grà ¶nroos 1978:591; Schneider White 2004:6; Upah Fulton 1985:255). This characteristic involves that true services cannot be seen, touched, held, tasted, smelled or stored they have no physical demonstration (Schneider White 2004:6; Speller Ghobadian 1993a:2; Upah Fulton 1985:255). At a theoretical level, this characteristic is complex to analyze because one cannot grasp it, except for in contrast to tangible goods. Consequently it is an improper definition because it only enlightens what services is not, not what they are (Eiglier Langeard 1977:33). Upah and Fulton (1985:255) tried to deal with this shortfall. They define service intangibility as containing such things as physical effort, thought processes, demeanor, appearance, and the use (but not ownership) of goods or facilities. Services are not all intangible. They may be observed as being arranged on a continuum of intangibility, with pure services (which have no tangible element) at the one end of the continuum, and pure goods (which have no intangible element) at the other end (Schneider White 2004:7). The majority of services are in between the two ends of the intangibility continuum, for the reason that they have both tangible and intangible elements (Schneider White 2004:7). Services provided in education sector are closer to pure services on the intangibility continuum. Because of its intangibility, an accurate analysis of the quality of service is complicated (Eiglier Langeard 1977:44; Haywood-Farmer 1988:20). Not only is it hard to measure service quality, but one cannot store a service. (Haywood-Farmer 1988:20). The possible outcomes of service failure might also be more brutal. When there is no physical product that can be repaired or returned when service quality is not up to the requirements, customers have a tendency to use the medium to influence their dissatisfaction (Eiglier Langeard 1977:44). Schneider and White (2004:6) said that pure services are basically procedures that are experiences which yield psychological experiences more than they yield physical belongings. In measuring a service, it should be taken into account that a psychological procedure is to be evaluated and not physical goods. This is the cause why the perceptions of the users of the service are attained. Furthermore, carefulness should be considered in analyzing the results, as it should be fix in mind that, even though the measurement might not be totally correct it may be the best sign of the service quality available from the users of the service. Heterogeneity Pure services, which are composed of a delivery experience, cannot be formed at one time and in one place and then be stored for later utilization anywhere else. A service can also not be sent back (Eiglier Langeard 1977:37-39; Gaster Squires 2003:97; Schneider White 2004:7). So there is a relatively small time-gap between production and consumption, and services are consumed as they are produced(Grà ¶nroos 1978:591; Schneider White 2004:7; Speller Ghobadian 1993a:2). The failure to construct services long before they are utilized means that the same problem occurred as with intangibility, because there is no way of creating a service, examining it for faults, and then providing it to a customer (Eiglier Langeard 1977:37- 39; Grà ¶nroos 1978:591 Schneider White 2004:7). The usefulness of a service cannot be certain in advance, just assured on the basis of the established skill of the provider at a previous service encounter (Gaster Squires 2003:7). Education has different types of service. The services of registering students, assessing the results of students and delivering lectures can technically be separated, as there could be internal processes to check for the incorrect registration of students, assessment of results and formulating quality oriented lectures. There could also be additional internal processes to ensure the correct assessment of the students. The students can also assess the accuracy of the service of assessment. On the other hand, when, for example, a student visits a registration office with a query or telephones call, the service could be regarded as inseparable, as the response of the staff and teachers cannot be checked for defects before any communication takes place between the two parties. In view of the fact that each of the services at educational institute can lie at a different point on the separability-inseparability continuum, in the evaluation of the services educational institutions offers, the different services should be measured separately. Interdependence One exceptional characteristic of services is that the customer is not simply the user of the service, but also playing their role in the production and delivery of the service (Czepiel et al. 1985:3; Eiglier Langeard 1977:36; Grà ¶nroos 1984:37; Haywood-Farmer 1988:20; Kelly et al. 1990:1; Speller Ghobadian 1993a:2). This may be referred to as interdependence that can be defined as the effect interacting persons have on each others outcom es in a social relationship (McCallum Harrison 1985:35). For a lot of services, the customer is required to participation in information or effort prior to the service transaction can be completed (Kelly et al. 1990:1). A service organization does not perform well except the role of the customer sufficiently fulfilled (Eiglier Langeard 1977:37; Kelly et al. 1990:1; McCallum Harrison 1985:35). Therefore, service efficiency and quality depend not only on the performance of the service providers employees (teachers), but also on the performance of the consumer (Students) (Philip Hazlett 1997:262). Heterogeneity One more feature in the study of service literature is the reality that services are heterogeneous (Eiglier Langeard 1977:33; Schneider White 2004:8). On the one hand services are not mechanical and are only consistent and standardized up to a point, there may be immense change over time (Eiglier Langear d 1977:42). The human aspect in the production and delivery of services may indicate that no two service experiences are the same, as peoples performance varies always (Czepiel et al. 1985:3; Schneider White 2004:8). Various customers might have diverse demands that need to be met, or various service employees might go about meeting the similar customer demands somewhat different in a way (Schneider White 2004:8). This relative heterogeneity can make it more complex to examine services and to measure the quality checks in advance to guarantee that the services meet identical standards (Schneider White 2004:8). One of the consequences of the heterogeneity of services is that services cannot be standardized in a production process and are as a result of labor concentrated (Anthony Govindarajan 2000:621; Gaster Squires 2003:7). An additional result of the reality is that all services cannot be executed in one factory and cannot be distributed to warehouses to be put up for sale is that most service organizations operate many units in different locations (Anthony Govindarajan 2000:621). It is recognized that because services are human oriented, quality improvement cannot be attained by alterations to production processes, and might take long time to be effective and might even more cost more would be in the case for physical goods. Here the focal point is on the employee and the way in which the service is delivered and perceived by the customer will depend on the employee.

Crisis on the Korean Peninsula :: North Korea Economy Economics Essays

Crisis on the Korean Peninsula North Korea has been the most publicized nation in the last ten years regarding nuclear proliferation. They are often debated in the highest political circles and are considered by many in the United States the US’s greatest threat. However, many politicians and critics are divided on how to deal with North Korea, and the nuclear threat it poses to the rest of the world. In my research I stumbled upon a fascinating book entitled Crisis on the Korean Peninsula that deals precisely with this issue. The book written by, opinion leaders and foreign policy scholars Michael O’Hanlon and Mike Mochizuki, introduces an ambitious strategy that attempts to answer the nuclear problems as well as the problems within the state itself. In the book their strategy is very clear cut and attacks three core issues where they see room for improvement. Foremost, they address the nuclear weapons issue that so clouds North Korea’s present and future global status as well as northe ast Asia’s security. Additionally they argue for the reduction of conventional military forces and reconstruction of the nation’s shattered economy. Lastly, they argue for calming security assurances to North Korea’s embattled leaders, who show signs they might welcome such pledges. The three core issues covered by Mochizuki and O’Hanlon will serve as the basis of my research but will be backed by other sources that talk about the same important issues from different view points allowing a wide ranging view point. Altogether in my research of North Korea I hope to learn from the ideas of O’Hanlon, Mochizuki and others sources and have the ability to expound on the ideas of these men and women with my own. In order to cover the three main points I divided O’Hanlon’s and Mochizuki’s book into three similar sections: 1. Current situation in North Korea and world regarding nuclear weapons, 2. Confrontation capabilities, and 3. Bargaining possibilities. These sections serve as a road map ultimately conveying both the situation of nuclear proliferation in North Korea in their strongest arguments to the reader. Furthermore, as the authors follow these guidelines so will I with my research of their information. I will include in these sections ideas from other papers and authors as well as a section in which I provide some of my own analysis.

Researching the Effect of Cultural Diversity on Group Work Outcomes :: Racial Diversity, Ethnic Diversity

ABSTRACT This paper analyses the relationship between cultural diversity and workgroup outcomes (satisfaction with workgroup, and workgroup performance) in multicultural organizations, in the presence of moderating variables of intragroup conflicts (task, relationship and process conflicts). Literature review suggests that cultural diversity negatively affects workgroup outcomes and triggers conflicts. Analysis of empirical data collected from employees of multicultural organizations produces results in line with the literature and suggests that there is negative relationship between cultural diversity and workgroup outcomes, while intragroup conflicts have a strong moderating effect on the relationship between the two. Although the research implies that culturally homogenous groups have better outcomes, it is often impossible to assemble such groups in current corporate scenario. Therefore, targeted cross-cultural training programs may help individuals function well in culturally diverse gr oups by reducing conflicts and generating favorable group outcomes. INTRODUCTION Organizations often rely on culturally diverse groups to coordinate operations across countries, decrease redundant functions, reduce product development time and bring together a diverse pool of expertise. Culturally diverse groups, however, may not live up to these expectations. Individual differences give rise to intra-group conflicts which hinder the group’s performance as well as the group members’ satisfaction with the group. The fact that homogenous groups hardly exist and heterogeneous workgroups are the need of today’s organizations, it is pertinent to analyze the element of conflict among members of a group and its effect on the group’s performance outcomes. Pakistan, with its strategic geographical location and multicultural society, has been an interesting target for various international organizations that invest in this market and set up operations. These multinational organizations are bound to practice multicultural managements for effective operations (Islam, 2004). Local employees in such organizations are expected to work with people belonging to diverse nationalities who bring with them to the workplace, distinct cultures that effect outcomes of their workgroups. Another perspective of multiculturalism in Pakistani organizations is the presence of ethnic, gender based, religious, sectarian and geographical differences that affect relationships among people working in the same organization. It may be explained by the fact that women tend to face differential treatment at workplaces. People from different provinces in Pakistan generally differ in their attitudes and behaviors. Muslims tend to have a biased attitude towards non-Mu slims, and sectarian differences cause major conflicts of interests (Zubair, 2006). The current study tends to focus on such cross-cultural conflicts that affect workgroup outcomes at workplaces. The study is conducted in Pakistani setting upon national and international organizations.

Portrait of a Young Man in a Red Cap: Sandro Botticelli :: essays research papers

Portrait of a Young Man in a Red Cap Sandro Botticelli, real name Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi, was one of the greatest painters of the Florentine Renaissance. His work, Portrait of a Young Man in a Red Cap, captures his highly personalized style. He is known for his execution and precise use of lines to portray objects realistically. The Portrait of a Young Man in a Red Cap will be the source of our discussion, but first a background of Sandro Botticelli’s artistic relations is necessary. Botticelli was born in Florence Italy (1445-1510) and worked as an apprentice to a goldsmith early in his career. He then served as an apprentice to the painter Fra Fillippo Lippi. After working with Lippi, Botticelli developed his sense of line working with Andrea del Verrocchio. By 1470 he had his own workshop, where he spent most of his time producing pieces for the Medici family. It was through the Medici family that Botticelli was influenced by Christian Neoplatonism, which exemplified Christian views. From this point Botticelli developed such works as the Portrait of a Young Man in a Red Cap. The painting, which is quite simple in nature, depicts nothing more than the bust of a teenage boy with a red hat on. The boy is uniquely outlined on each side with the right side of his body gently fading into a black backdrop and the left having a sharp and precise line separating him from the black. As the viewer may notice, the young man does not pose any facial gesture which may depict emotion. It is therefore almost impossible to know the feelings of Botticelli’s subject. Many feel that Botticelli was merely documenting the boy’s physical appearance without evoking feeling from his viewers. Botticelli also used much more detail on his face than he did on the clothing of the young man, which supports that it is a portrait. He uses tones of red from the sharp hat to the tones of his skin. A brown color is used to unify his hair, lips, and eyes. The boy’s wardrobe also includes a jacket typical of the time period. In a more in depth look at the portrait, o ne may notice that it shades from a rich red color at the top to a dark brown color at the bottom. The light source shines from the left side of the picture while it brightens the right side of the young man’s body.

Nature And Nurture Influences On Child Essay

When it comes to child development there are two major influences. These influences are nature which are traits we inherit and nurture which are the traits we learn. Nature and nurture are different in several ways but they both play an important role in child development. Although they both influence development the topic of which has the greatest influence in frequently debated. This paper will describe the relationship between nature and nurture, explain the biological, environmental, societal, and cultural influences on child development in relation to nature and nurture, and discuss whether nature or nurture has the most influence on child development. Nature and nurture are different in several ways but share one similarity which is the fact that they both have an influence on child development. Both of them play an important role in how children develop as well as the type of people they will grow up to be. In the video â€Å"Nature vs. Nurture in Child Development† Shirael Pollack states that children are born with some traits and characteristics while they learn others (Pollack, S. n. d. ). Nature is one(s) genes. The traits and characteristics that they inherit such as skin tone, eye color, and hair color. Nurture is what they are taught or what they learn from the people around them such as manners; learning to say â€Å"please† and â€Å"thank you†. There are different influences on child development in relation to nature and nurture. These influences are biological, environmental, societal, and cultural. Nature is responsible for the biological influences. Biological influences are traits that are passed parents to their children. They include appearance, talents, and abilities, and also certain illnesses (Groark, C. , McCarthy, S. & Kirk, A. , 2014). Nurture is responsible for environmental influences. These are things that are in a child(s) environment that they are exposed to or experience. Nurture can also be NATURE AND NURTURE 3 responsible for cultural and societal influences on child development which can be instilled subtly through natural interactions with others. The cultural and societal influences can be direct and indirect impacts of culture, race, and ethnicity as well as the powerful effects of economics, gender roles, marriage, divorce, single parenthood, and religion (Groark, C. , McCarthy, S.& Kirk, A. , 2014). No matter what type of influence there is on child development it is either related to nature or nurture. Some people believe that nature and nurture are partners because of the fact that they both play a role in child development. However, theorists have different views about the two. Some theorists believe that nature is ultimately responsible for growth while other theorists believe that children become whatever their environment shapes them into (McDevitt, 2010). Regardless of what the different views of theorists are on the topic of nature versus nurture, the fact of the matter is that both of them play a role in how children develop and have some type of impact on what and how they will be when they grow up. Both nature and nurture play important roles in child development. Regardless of if one has more of an influence than the other, the fact is that they both impact how children develop. Truth of the matter is that they are different but share one important factor which is the fact that they help make children who they are. This paper described the relationship between nature and nurture, explained the biological, environmental, societal, and cultural influences on child development in relation to nature and nurture, and also discussed which of the two influences is more influential than the other. NATURE AND NURTURE 4 References Groark, C. , McCarthy, S. & Kirk, A. (2014). Early child development: From theory to practice. Bridgepoint Education: San Diego, CA. McDevitt, T. M. (2010). Nature and nurture: Retrieved from http://www. education. com/reference/article/nature-nurture/ Pollack, S. (n. d. ). Nature vs. nurture in child development [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www. howcast. com/videos/513307-Nature-vs-Nurture-Child-Development.

Appropriate Classroom Behavior for Young Children Essay

Planning an effective classroom environment includes structuring the physical arrangement of the classroom to increase appropriate behaviors, such as engagement, and decrease the probability of challenging behaviors. There are different strategies for structuring the physical classroom include: arranging the classroom to ensure visual monitoring of children, arranging activity centers to support children’s appropriate behaviors (e.g., limiting the number of children in a center) and facilitating smooth transitions among activities (e.g., organizing The location of materials on shelves), and arranging materials in the classroom to promote engagement, mastery, and independence (Lawry, J., Danko, C., & Strain, P. (1999). When a child’s independence is increased, it builds their confidence and is this is less likely to create challenging behavior. Children like certainty! When teachers begin to create the daily schedule of the classroom, they should consider different factors. For example, going over numbers, alphabets, or even reviewing the story for the day should most likely be done in the morning rather than the afternoon because children are more alert then. Children need to learn how to work and cooperate with one another. Aggressive behavior can be seen in the way in which some children express their anger or frustration over a situation (Gable, R. A. 2004). However, it is not acceptable classroom behavior. Children need to understand that using words instead of actions is the more effective way of communicating their feelings. When children become aggressive it’s usually because they struggle socially. Contributing Factors The fact that Ron was moved from one classroom environment to another played a major part on his challenging behavior. Unexpected change in routine for children can cause a child to act out and become defiant. When students know what routine to expect, they are more likely to feel that they are in control of their environment which reduces misbehavior in the classroom (Brown, W.H., Odom, S.L., & Conroy, M.A. 2001). Another thing that contributed in Ron’s challenging behavior is his short attention span. Having short attention span can come from various of things such as the child’s desk placed where there’s heavy activity going on in the classroom or ADHD. Strategies To address Ron’s behavior, I will first implement classroom rules and procedures. I will go back to the beginning of the school year and follow those same procedures as I did with the other students and share them with Ron as well. The second thing is that I will place Ron where there is less distraction going on to keep him focused and from distraction. By doing this, I will decrease his chance of misbehaving. If he has nothing around to distract him, he’s more than likely to pay attention to what’s going on at his desk or on the carpet. References Lawry, J., Danko, C., & Strain, P. (1999). Examining The role of the classroom environment in the prevention of problem behaviors Gable, R. A. (2004). School-wide positive discipline. Richmond, VA: Virginia Department of Education Brown, W.H., Odom, S.L., & Conroy, M.A. (2001). An intervention hierarchy for promoting preschool children’s peer interactions in natural environments. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 21, 90 – 134

Jay Gatsby And Halvard Solness As Victims Of Their Own Dreams Essay

Do both Halvard Solness in Henrik Ibsen’s The Master Builder, and Jay Gatsby in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, destroy themselves in pursuit of their dreams? Clearly, they do, and while their dreams are quite different, they pursue them to ultimately tragic ends. Solness and Gatsby are alike in this critical way. Both Solness and Gatsby are men of considerable material success. Gatsby occupies a mansion in West Egg, New York, a magnificent copy of a French hotel de ville (Great Gatsby 5), from which he pursues a career as a Tremalchio (Great Gatsby 113), opening his house weekly for ostentatious parties open to anyone caring to wander in. (Great Gatsby 39-56). Solness is the master builder, a man at the peak of his powers, able to lord himself over others, although trying frantically to hold on to his position. (Beyer. 171; Master Builder 272 (â€Å"New. Not the sort of old-fashioned rubbish I generally build. †) But Solness has acquired that position by destroying almost everything else that has been of any value, in essence, by killing any dreams he had. Because of his desire to become a master builder, he has lost his wife’s children, her capacity through raising children to â€Å"build† them into fine people, his willingness to build churches, and his faith. (Beyer, 171-74, Clurman 174-75) By his actions, he has reduced his wife to â€Å"a tomb. † (Clurman 175) Even as master home builder he feels that what he is doing is hollow and pointless. â€Å"Building homes for human beings–is not worth a brass farthing, Hilde. † (Master Builder 342) Into his life comes Hilda Wangel, whom he had met and inspired ten years earlier when she was merely a child. She calls him to retrieve the dreams that he then held. She challenges him to overcome his guilt over the many things that he has done by which he has made himself into a financial success but a remarkably small, cramped, and limited person, and in a physical way to overcome his fear of heights. In the end, at her urging, he tries to break free from his confined life. He climbs to the top of the tower on a new house he has had built, trying to master his dread of heights in an effort to repeat the wreathing ceremony which was where he first met Hilda ten years early, at the construction of the last church he ever built. (Beyer 171-74). Solness has lived much of his life tormented by what he did to gain his first major project. He wanted a fire to occur at the home his wife had inherited from her parents, an ugly, barn-like structure, so that he could build in the land. The fire came, but afterwards his wife grew sick, and her fever spread to her infant twins, killing them. (Master Builder 313 (â€Å"the fire was the making of me as a builder. † ) 314, 319-21) Wracked by guilt, he now feels old, on the edge of losing his powers, and he is haunted by what he has done and by what he has failed to do. Possessed of a sickly and fragile conscience, he regrets the limited nature of his life. (Clurman 171-72; Bentley 31) Solness is afraid of youth. Though arguably at the peak of his powers, he fears that younger people, such as his subordinate Ragnar will overtake him. ( Clurman 174) In accepting Hilde’s challenge, Solness tries to break out of the pettiness in which he has lived and to return to something that he had idealized in his youth. (Bentley 30) To do this, he challenges his own fear of heights, insisting on climbing to the top of the new house he has just finished, to drape a wreath over the highest spire. (Forester 10) He overcomes his fears, and atop the house, he appears momentarily to be arguing with someone else who is there. (Master Builder 354 (â€Å"He is disputing with someone. †)) This is apparently his attempt to come to some final reconciliation with God, whom he had renounced ten years earlier in his climbing of the last church he built. (Master Builder 349) In climbing the tower to try to put the wreath over the uppermost spire, Solness is undertakes the great risk that he will be overcome by his dizziness and fear of heights. Nevertheless, he feels that he must do this, futile as it might be, to revive the dreams that he once had. (Gilman 110-111) While his wife and friends tremble at his recklessness, Hilde sees it as the fulfillment of his destiny. (Master Builder 353-54) When he plunges head-first into a quarry, smashing in his skull, she claims him, â€Å"My . . . my master builder. † (Master Builder 354) This is not wild cruelty. When she saw him ten years earlier, placing the wreath on the church spire, he inspired her. She has lived on that inspiration, and wants him to return to that glorious moment when he so moved her, rather than living with the defeats he has borne. (Beyer 175-76) Unlike Solness, Jay Gatsby is not called back to a dream in order to pursue a youthful woman. Nor did he destroy his dream in order to achieve his fabulous wealth. Rather, his dream of obtaining the woman he adores has driven him to obtain wealth as a necessary means to pursuing the woman. Gatsby believed that as a young lieutenant stationed at a camp outside Louisville, he had found his ultimate prize in the person of Daisy Fay, the socialite who was seeing several young officers each day. (Great Gatsby 148-50) He believed he lost her because of the army, the war, and the lack of the resources with which to compete with the likes of Tom Buchanan. Now, just a few years later, free from the Army and free from poverty, he wants to retake his one great and compelling dream. Gatsby is chasing Daisy as the ultimate symbol of success, and while it is a philistine success (Fussell 34), he yearns for it with his whole being. Part of what Gatsby seeks is a wistful longing for a dream that may never have been real. (Stern 105; Great Gatsby 182) There is a naive idealism in Gatsby, the â€Å"heightened sensitivity to the promises of life† (Great Gatsby 2; Gross & Gross 164) that Gatsby inspired in the narrator Nick Carroway. At the same time, while Carroway tells Gatsby, â€Å"You’re worth the whole damn bunch put together† (Great Gatsby 154), he carefully points out that this is the only compliment he ever paid to the man, whom he still disliked profoundly. (Great Gatsby 154, 2 (â€Å"Gatsby, who represented everything for which I have an unaffected scorn. †)). Gatsby stands as a marvel of contradictions. On the one hand, he pursues Daisy with the faith of the true believer. He values and revalues things through her eyes, bestowing on her a romantic’s adoration of an ideal that is not quite real, and indeed, as it becomes real, it loses its significance. (Great Gatsby 92, 94) At the same time, he is willing to use whatever means are necessary to gain the means with which to court Daisy, dealing with Meyer Wolfshiem, the man who fixed the World Series (Great Gatsby 69-74, 114, 134) bootlegging (Great Gatsby 109, 134) and trading in illicit bonds. (Great Gatsby 95, 167) From the outset, Gatsby’s dream is doomed because he fails to realize that in the end, Daisy Buchanan will be so fundamentally careless. As the narrator says, â€Å"They were careless people, Tom and Daisy—they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made. † (Great Gatsby 180-81) Gatsby accurately sums her up: â€Å"‘Her voice is full of money,’ he said suddenly. //That was it. I’d never understood before. It was full of money — that was the inexhaustible charm that rose and fell in it, the jingle of it, the cymbals’ song of it. . . . high in a white palace the king’s daughter, the golden girl. . . † (Great Gatsby 120) But Gatsby fails to realize that money, and critically the comprehensive security that it represents are essentially all that drive Daisy. While she will gladly come over to spend her afternoons with Gatsby (Great Gatsby 114), and while she will curse Tom Buchanan for the thoughtless trysts he has with any convenient hotel chambermaid (Great Gatsby 78), in the end, she will cling to him rather than risk going away with Gatsby. Eventually, she drives Gatsby’s great yellow car into Myrtle Wilson, races away into the night (Great Gatsby 144-45), and then assumes a stony silence when Gatsby is condemned for the murder. When George Wilson, wild with rage and grief, comes to her house, she allows her husband to point him to Gatsby’s house (Great Gatsby 180), where Wilson kills first Gatsby and then himself, completing the holocaust. (Great Gatsby 162-63) Gatsby believes, with an unalterable faith, that by showing Daisy the towering wealth he has accumulated, if by questionable and never quite clarified means (Fitzgerald’s letter to Maxwell Perkins), he can take her back to the world as it was when they first met. He has a hard time grasping such basic matters as that Daisy has had a child by Tom (Great Gatsby p. 117), and cannot understand that in the end, she will stay with this incredibly wealthy if insensitive brute, because of the stability he offers. In the end, the great tragedy of Jay Gatsby is that he believed so fervently that if he could establish himself with the wealth that he had lacked when he first met Daisy as a young army lieutenant, his passion for her would be enough to pry her away from anyone who lacked the passion and purity of purpose that he drove him on. Daisy never put the value on this purity of purpose that Gatsby had. Thus, both of these men are destroyed by their dreams. Yet dreaming is a great human capacity, and it seems that as long as there are people, they will dream, and in dreaming, risk their destruction. SOURCES USED: Bentley, Eric. â€Å"Ibsen: Pro and Con. † Theatre Arts. 34:39-43 (July 1950), reprinted in Henrik Ibsen. Harold Bloom, ed. (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Chelsea House Publishers, 1999). Beyer, Edvard. Ibsen: The Man and His Work. (New York, New York: Taplinger Publishing Co. 1978) Clurman, Harold. Ibsen (New York, New York: MacMillan Publishing Co. , 1977). Fitzgerald, F. Scott, Letter to Maxwell Perkins (Dec. 20, 1924) The Letters of F. Scott Fitzgerald. (New York, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1963), pp. 172-73, ), reprinted in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Harold Bloom, ed. (Broomail, Pennsylvania: Chelsea House Publishers, 1996). Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. (New York, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1925). Forester, E. M. â€Å"Ibsen the Romantic. † reprinted in Henrik Ibsen. Harold Bloom, ed. (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Chelsea House Publishers, 1999). Fussell, Edwin S. â€Å"Fitzgerald’s Brave New World. † ELH. 19:296-97 (Dec. 1952), reprinted in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Harold Bloom, ed. (Broomail, Pennsylvania: Chelsea House Publishers, 1996). Gilman, Richard. â€Å"Ibsen and the Making of Modern Drama. † The Making of Modern Drama. reprinted in Henrik Ibsen. Harold Bloom, ed. (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Chelsea House Publishers, 1999).

Government Regulations

Analyzing Government RegulationsWith the economic system the manner it is the demand for human services has been greater than it has of all time been. Peoples unable to happen occupations are turning to authorities run plans like Temporary Aid to Needy Families ( TANF ) , every bit good as nutrient casts and Medicaid to assist them acquire through, and provide much needed pecuniary, medical and nutrient aid now that they can non supply that on their ain. For many, it is excessively late. The stateless population in Colorado Springs is steadily increasing. How is the authorities to cover with such demands in our State ‘s clip of demand?There are thoughts presented by legion single bureaus across America. One that stands out is Ideas for Policymakers and research workers in respect to the turning stateless state of affairs in America prepared by Michelle Wood and Jill Khadduri. Both adult females have researched homelessness and the conducive factors sing TANF and medicaid receiv ers countrywide and have tried to reply these inquiries ( Wood, & A ; Khadduri, Winter 2009 ) . O Does TANF ( Temporary Aid to Needy Families ) and Medicaid determine the hazard for homelessness?O Does TANF and Medicaid protect people from going homeless?o Do people sing homelessness usage TANF and Medicaid in different ways than other low income people? In respect to homelessness, TANF and Medicaid do non supply all financess required to supply significant lodging for households. The fewer family members you have, the less aid and resources you have. Assistance is based on household unit, and income of the household unit. Certain guidelines must be met in order to allow aid to these households in the first topographic point ( Citation ) . Most TANF allowances merely cover a part of what is required to supply stable lodging for households at all. Most if the success of TANF and Medicaid are dependent upon the fiscal accomplishments of the individual having the assistance. â€Å" Since 1994, HUD ( the Department of Housing and Urban Development ) , has encouraged communities to turn to the jobs of homelessness in a co-ordinated, comprehensive, and strategic manner through Continuum of Care ( CoS ) † ( U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, n.d. ) . The CoC is a community program based on the demand to present low-cost lodging to the homeless, and prevent homelessness from happening within a household unit. HUD ‘s mission: â€Å" HUD ‘s mission is to increase homeownership, support community development and increase entree to affordable lodging free from favoritism. To carry through this mission, HUD will encompass high criterions of moralss, direction and answerability and hammer new partnerships — peculiarly with faith-based and community organisations — that purchase resources and better HUD ‘s ability to be effectual on the community degree. † — ( U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, n.d. ) Current obstructions that would be faced would be if support ran out to run the HUD plan for those households with low-income demands. Without these financess HUD is unable to assist those people who meet these income guidelines for decreased rent so they can afford lodging which in bend reduces their hazard for going homeless. HUD in itself will non wholly abolish homelessness, but it ‘s a good start. Unfortunately nevertheless, politicians are the people who determine who is hapless, ill, destitute, unemployed and uncared for ( Burger & A ; Youkeles, 2004 ) and the standards to find such is both political and economical. The truth is, there has to be hapless people in order to equilibrate out the system. These people are needed to absorb costs associated with fiscal assistance, public assistance, and other fiscal assistance depositories, bureaus, and divisions. Without the hapless, how do you cognize who the non-poor are? Ultimately, without enlargement, research, and alteration of policy, assistance to households to assist forestall homelessness would non be in topographic point. Most bureaus do what they can for who they can, but it will ne'er be plenty, there will ever be a turning demand in human services to assist those who can non assist themselves. Keeping that in head, and the turning demands of the thickly settled, it is merely normal to believe that societal policy, and human services continuously change with the times and events of the people and state it serves.MentionsBurger, W. R. , & A ; Youkeles, M. ( 2004 ) . Human Services in Contemporary America ( 6th ed. ) . Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning. Michelle Wood, a. J. ( Winter 2009 ) . Potential Analysiss with Homelessness Data: Ideas for Policymakers and Researchers. Retrieved January 09, 2010, from Department of Health and Human Services: United statess: hypertext transfer protocol: //aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/09/HomelessnessDataHHS/PotentialAnalyses/report.pdf U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. ( n.d. ) . Mission. Retrieved January 09, 2009, from U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development: hypertext transfer protocol: //portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/about/missionGovernment RegulationsThere are many Torahs that surround kids who are victims of kid maltreatment. One of the Torahs is the compulsory coverage jurisprudence. This jurisprudence states that certain people are required to describe any marks of kid maltreatment to governments if they see it. The compulsory newsmans are societal workers, instructors and other school personel, doctors and other wellness attention workers. Other compulsory newsmans are mental wellness professionals, any type of kid attention supplier, medical testers or medical examiners, and jurisprudence enforcement officers. Some provinces require movie or picture taking processors to describe any marks of kid maltreatment in images that are submitted into their labs. Sixteen provinces a nd Puerto Rico require anyone to describe kid abuse regardless of profession. By holding these compulsory newsmans, kid maltreatment is really likely to be found by person and reported. These compulsory newsmans are improbably of import because without them many instances of kid maltreatment would ne'er be found. This jurisprudence has a immense impact on abused kids. By necessitating these people to describe kid abuse many kids are acquiring the aid that they need. Some obstructions that could originate from this jurisprudence is these newsmans non cognizing what they are supposed to look for. If they do n't cognize what to describe things that need to be reported could perchance non be reported and the kid could be in danger. The other side of that is they could surmise something is incorrect and there could really be nil opprobrious about the household. The compulsory newsmans need to be trained to react suitably to child maltreatment instances. They need to be told what marks to look for that suggest kid maltreatment. As clip goes on this jurisprudence will alter as the state of affairss in the universe alteration. There may stop up being more people that are required to describe maltreatment as they see it. Many provinces will stop up adding the other Torahs that some provinces have. Equally much as the universe wants child maltreatment to travel off, it is non traveling to. It will merely acquire worse.BibilographyChidl Welfare Information Gateway, Retrieved January 10,2010 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/laws_policies/statutes/manda.cfm

Two of years studying a foreign language should be required in high Essay - 1

Two of years studying a foreign language should be required in high school - Essay Example Thirdly, studying English improves learning skills. Students should practice and do their homework in English. This is important considering that reading is the most important learning skill. Students should read a lot stories and journals to improve their English. Students can begin by reading short stories in order to build up their vocabulary. With good vocabulary, students can then be able to write professionally. Listening becomes interesting and informative when one understands English. I often listen to the news cast every 10:PM on Minnesota Public Radio (MPR). Speaking gives the students a chance to practice their grammar as well as how to pronounce the words. In conclusion, this paper has shown the pros of studying foreign Language. The government should require that students learn any Language other than their native language. Learning different languages is one of the most fulfilling things in the world. The government has a duty to make it easy for students to learn other languages. Dealing with other people using English language is such a good thing. In my own experience in Saudi Arabia, students use English for studying. Improved Studying skills are the most notable benefits of taking studying English. I therefore encourage everyone to learn other languages especially English for communication purposes as well as other

Assignment 1 Scope & WBS Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

1 Scope & WBS - Assignment Example is paper is essentially a document that entails the ideas obtained from the city residents regarding suggestion on the best way to create a green space in a low-income neighborhood. The paper presents a scope statement and a WBS for the project. To create a green space, specifically a playground from an abandoned ground, the size of a city block. This site has been used as a general dumping ground for many years. The project cost is estimated at $200,000. The green space should not be in a position to encourage other social evils such as crime as assumed with many city spaces around the world. Instead, it should be open enough to promote security and protection among families within the neighborhood. In this paper, WBS is used in decomposing the green space project into much smaller components. In this case, it involves hierarchical as well as incremental decomposition of the green space project into phases. The end objective is used to start the WBS with a successive subdivision of the efforts required in achieving the project objectives. The WBS for the green space project is as shown in figure 1 below. The key phases in the project are designing, funding, and maintenance. The government will mobilize the funding process from the funding organizations. The source of finances in this case includes funds from financial institutions, government taxes, and city revenues among others. The funding process is based on the budget planning, which is created from the cost estimates that are established from the project’s cost considerations. Regarding the design, it can be perfected by incorporating both residents, and experts’ ideas. The experts would base their design decisions on the previous land use, its location, and the ideas provided by the residents. Once the project is completed, it has to be maintained with the assistance from city authorities who would incorporate both volunteers from the local communities and permanent employees. Green spaces form a

Arab Politics -The Baath Party Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Arab Politics -The Baath Party - Research Paper Example Baath party is one of the Arab political parties originated in Syria. It has attained international fame because of its association with former Iraq president Saddam Husain. Though Baath party has extended its roots to many Arab countries like Syria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan etc as a symbol of Arab unity, it didn’t survive long because of its composition of different political regimes and origin The Arab Socialist Baath Party was founded in Syria in the 1940s by a small group of French-educated Syrian intellectuals - Michel Aflaq, a Greek Orthodox, and Salah al-Din al-Bitar, a Sunni Muslim. The word Baath means renaissance in Arabic. (Kafala) The educated Muslim intellectuals have visualized the whole Arab countries as a single entity and their aim was to bring all the Arab people under one flag of the Baath party. Their aim was not motivated by any selfish aspects. They have felt the need of a single Arab party in order to counter the external threats from countries like Israel and America. Baath party was a secular Arab party. â€Å"Socialism (not Marxism) was quickly adopted as the party’s economic dogma: â€Å"Unity [Arab], Freedom [from colonialism], and Socialism† are still the watchwords.† (The Syrian Encyclopaedia) Though Baath party has accepted socialism as the economic principle, it differed from communism in many ways. Communism mostly works for the working class of the whole world whereas Baath party stressed the importance of economic equality among all the peoples of Arab countries. They have given focus on Arab culture alone and hence they concentrated on the Middle East region alone. Communism, on the other hand, doesn’t have any boundaries; it works for the whole working class in the world. â€Å"The Iraqi Baath party was founded in 1951 and had 500 members three years later. Saddam Hussein joined it as a 20-year-old in 1956.  

Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Civil Rights and Civil Liberties - Essay Example General opinions are that just as prohibition was ineffective through rebellion, so is likely to be the case with prohibiting use of such recreational drugs as the marijuana. The exercise of imposition of such an amendment is definitely much high and this would caution ratification for the impending likelihood of inefficiencies as people would reason thus supporting the legalization of the same. Among pointed out arguments in support to the legalization of these recreational drugs is increased government income through tax and the likelihood of controlling drug abuse. Reasons against the success of the prohibition revolve around the likelihood of the ban to lead to increased drug abuse besides heightened crime, as was the case with the 18th amendment. There have been heated debates within the US in support of or against legalization of such drugs as marijuana, which are considered recreational. According to Swift, 7the support to legalization of Marijuana has increased substantially to double since 1970. The boost to the increase in acceptance comes with the flexibility exhibited by the current administration under president Obama who shows high flexibility on the topic. Swift points out the increased acceptance in the use of marijuana for medical reasons as a reason enough to support the benefits that would be derived in the legalized use of the same. However, he also points to the shortcomings that are pointed out from the medical perspective in increased use of the same. It is argued that increased use of marijuana has the potential of increasing health problems such as through respiratory complications, memory problems and increase in heart rate. These are arguments that would be raised to counter the presumed benefits that would be derived from the legalization (Swift, para 1-6). It is worth noting that marijuana is currently a prohibited drug within US under federal law though recent moves have seen increased legalization of the drug among member states, a move that the Obama government appear to support. For instance, Washington as well as Colorado had voters approve the legalization of such drugs in November last year through referendums. Other states are already in the record of decriminalizing the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes and allow the public to be found in possession of small quantities of the substance. However, there are still rising concerns among medical specialists on the associated health drawbacks that result from the uncontrolled use of marijuana as a recreational drug (South Atlantic news agency, 2013, para 1-5). This are arguments that contradicts the arguments advanced by supporters of the legalized use of these drugs who argue that marijuana, for instance, has been in use for therapeutic purposes long enough and has accompanying benefits. This therefore points out to the existing tags between supporters who would advance reasons to favor legalization of such recreational drugs and their counterparts w ho advance support against legalization of the same. In my opinion, I would consider legalization of recreational drugs as an appropriate step within the modern world as it concerns US. This is because; prohibition has potential of resulting to increased crime in black market operations involving drug

Current Issues in the Persian Gulf Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Current Issues in the Persian Gulf - Essay Example In addition, it has restricted outside access, built an airstrip and increased military presence on the island. Challenges that make gulf to be a troubled region is not a recent development, neither is it news for the Washingtoni. The vast oil reserves in the region make the balance of power in the gulf a concern for US policy makers. The US has been constantly involved in the gulf region, and this is consistent with the western security policy. Since the end of World War 2, US has ensured that gulf region gains stability and access to oil preservation increasesii. Washington policies in the gulf are not for US to gain access to water, but indeed ensure that there is stability of the oil market in the region. This is because oil shocks might negatively affect oil prices in the US. Geopolitics and energy security are not only the factors that engage US in the Gulf region. The American quest for ensuring stability in energy prices has been influenced by ideological considerations on the nature of US power. During the cold war, US strategy was to fight communism that was advocated by the Soviet Union. The collapse of communism in the gulf and end of soviet threat made the US reassess their strategies. The major concern of the US and other international communities in the Gulf is to ensure there is stability and security. This will reduce risk in energy markets around the world and encourage investors to invest in this regioniii. US and Iran relation is a step in the right direction as there will be international supervision of nuclear program, and in turn sanction in Iran will be uplifted. This will increase the living standards in the region and ensure there is stability in the region. This relation is an import step where dialogue is used instead of deploying troops in the region. Deploying troops in the Gulf region will certainly increase risk than reduces these risks. Iran

Education policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Education policies - Essay Example Schools are also be required to play their part in protecting children from damage and ignorance, and guide them towards positive activities and away from unfriendly behaviour. But although the move was welcomed by the Local Government Association, it criticised the exclusion ÃŽ ¿f academies and city technology colleges from the duty. Two hundred academies are planned by 2010. They are also excluded from the duty to admit looked-after children. Under the Children Act 2004, schools, unlike councils, primary care trusts and other named partners, are not placed under a duty to co-operate to improve childrens wellbeing. Childrens services leaders lobbied for such a duty to ensure schools did not focus narrowly on educational standards. The government argued it was only needed for strategic bodies. Today education is seen as key to future success for both individuals and societies. It offers individuals knowledge and understanding to give meaning to their lives. It provides the skills (and qualifications) for worthwhile employment. Education also plays a major role in shaping the future ÃŽ ¿f society - it can promote the healthy growth ÃŽ ¿f a generation, provide the necessary underpinning skills for economic growth and foster social cohesion between disparate communities. These are challenging tasks for any education system. The evidence from international comparisons is that the English system performs reasonably well in pupil attainment but fails in the promotion ÃŽ ¿f equity with the result that our system functions most effectively for those with social, economic or cultural advantages. No country in the world has a system which has overcome the effects ÃŽ ¿f disadvantage on achievement but some, like England, achieve well overall and have a relatively small gap between the outcomes ÃŽ ¿f the most and the least successful. The statement prepared by

Educational Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Educational - Research Proposal Example Literature Review: The benefits derived through the Internet have resulted in widespread use of the Internet by students. This has come at the cost of use of the Internet for academic cheating purposes. Use of the Internet for cheating by students occurs in all branches of study and at all levels of study. Educational institutions tend to downplay the issue of the use of the Internet fir academic cheating, Research Question: Does the use of the internet devalue the worth of a degree to the stakeholders? Methodology: Students and the teaching faculty are the participants of this research. Focus group questionnaire is applied to the students and structured open ended questionnaire is applied to the teaching facility as data collection instruments. Fifty students and twenty faculty members are the targeted participants. Results: Analysis of the literature review shows that academic cheating occurs at a high level, which demeans the value of the degree obtained. 1. Statement of the Topic Cyber researchers or cyber cheats: does the use of the internet devalue the worth of a degree to the stakeholders? 2. Review of Literature The pervasion of the Internet into educational institutions is both dramatic and striking. ... It has brought with it concerns that could lead to worries in education and society (Hope, 2007). The Internet demonstrates the use of technology in stimulating learning in students (Schroder et al, 2002). The benefits that accrue from the Internet have caused the Internet not to be restricted to the lower levels of education, but in all the higher education forums (Gunashekaran et al, 2002). The benefits that have come with the Internet in education have a price tag in that it encourages students to cheat. According to Macklem, 2006, it is the widespread use of the Internet that has led to plagiarism and academic cheating becoming common. Plagiarism is not a new concept. It is just that the Internet has made it easier to copy the works of others (Fisher & Hill, 2004). Easy access to an electronic copy makes it easy to cut, copy and paste, which is a temptation not many students can resist (Errami & Garner, 2008). The popular use of plagiarism extends into the realm of professional c ourses too (Kenny, 2007). Evaluating for plagiarism and academic cheating in physiotherapy, pharmacy, humanities, business, biomedical science and education, it was found to be present in all these branches of study, but variances were observed in the extent of indulgence (Bates et al, 2005). The issue of plagiarism and cheating has not become such a matter for concern in society, because of the lack of awareness, as universities tend to keep issues of plagiarism and cheating in academics under wraps (Gulli, 2007). However, the problem of cheating in academics will not be under wraps for long as it is becoming a part of the student culture, which will be difficult to turn around, as according to Fisher and Hill, 2004, p.18, â€Å"80% of the country’s best students